The paradox of normal neuropsychological function in schizophrenia.

Kremen, William S.; Seidman, Larry J.; Faraone, Stephen V.; Toomey, Rosemary; Tsuang, Ming T.

doi:10.1037/0021-843x.109.4.743

Cited by 179 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…Many studies have found a small subgroup of patients whose performance puts them within the normal range of NP functioning. The prevalence of NP normality, however, has been variable across studies, ranging from 0% (Bozikas et al, 2006;Wilk et al, 2005) to 82% (Torrey et al, 1994), with the majority of studies reporting rates closer to 25% (Bryson et al, 1993;Kremen et al, 2000;Palmer et al, 1997;Rund et al, 2006). These discrepancies are likely caused by sample characteristics and how normality is operationalized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Functional implications of neuropsychological normality and symptom remission in older outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study

Leung

Bowie

Harvey

2008

J Inter Neuropsych Soc

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Cognitive impairments in schizophrenia are well documented and correlated with functional disability. Although some patients demonstrate normal neuropsychological (NP) functioning, little is known about their functional disability. We examined the cross-sectional functional implications of NP normality and symptomatic remission in older outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, who were administered a NP battery and performance-based measures of functional and social competence, with their real-world functioning rated by case managers. NP status was classified by the General Deficit Score (GDS) and remission status was based on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), yielding four subsamples of patients: NP normal-remitted (n 5 21), NP normal-symptomatic (n 5 22), NP impaired-remitted (n 5 90), and NP impaired-symptomatic (n 5 97). NP normal patients demonstrated better functional and social competence and better ratings of real world functioning, after controlling for premorbid abilities. However, compared to normative date, NP normal patients manifested disability in several real-world domains, including residential status. These results suggest that NP status is a better predictor of functional outcome then symptom status or the interaction of the two factors. The disability seen in NP normal cases indicates that factors other than cognitive impairments may determine aspects of everyday outcomes in schizophrenia. (JINS, 2008, 14, 479-488.)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Functional implications of neuropsychological normality and symptom remission in older outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study

Leung

Bowie

Harvey

2008

J Inter Neuropsych Soc

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“…Although no cognitive profile is recognized as a "signature" of SZ, patients typically demonstrate especially severe impairments of complex attention, psychomotor speed, new learning/memory, and abstraction or executive functioning (Bilder et al 2000;Bowie and Harvey 2005;Censits et al 1997;Flashman and Green 2004;Heinrichs 2005;Hill et al 2002). Milder impairments of these abilities have been found in SZ patients who appear cognitively normal (Kremen et al 2000). Yet while their presence and persistence are well-documented, the specificity of these cognitive deficits remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Neuropsychological Functioning in Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia

Schretlen

Cascella

Meyer

et al. 2007

Biological Psychiatry

234

143

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“…However, not all psychotic patients show cognitive impairment (Kremen et al, 2000). A recent epidemiological study of first-admission patients with psychotic disorders estimated that as many as 16% of schizophrenic, 20% schizoaffective, 42% of bipolar, and 42% of depressed patients may not be cognitively impaired .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis users have higher premorbid IQ than other patients with first onset psychosis

Ferraro

Russo

O’Connor

et al. 2013

Schizophrenia Research

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oBackground: A number of studies have reported that patients with psychosis who use cannabis have better cognitive performance than those who do not. This is surprising as cannabis can impair cognition in healthy subjects. An obvious question is whether the better current performance of psychotic patients who have used cannabis is a reflection of their having a higher premorbid IQ than those psychotic patients who haven't used cannabis. Aim: In a sample of patients at their first episode of psychosis, we tested the hypothesis that patients who smoked cannabis would have a higher premorbid IQ than patients who did not. Methodology: 279 participants (119 patients and 160 healthy controls) were assessed in order to obtain current and premorbid IQ measures and detailed information on cannabis use. We examined the association between cannabis use and both premorbid and current IQ in patients and controls. Results: Patients who had ever smoked cannabis had significantly higher current (p b .001) and premorbid IQ (p = .004) compared to patients who had never used cannabis. This difference was not found among controls. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the better cognitive performance of patients with their first episode of psychosis who have used cannabis compared with those who haven't is due to the better premorbid IQ of the former.

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The paradox of normal neuropsychological function in schizophrenia.

Cited by 179 publications

References 54 publications

Functional implications of neuropsychological normality and symptom remission in older outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study

Functional implications of neuropsychological normality and symptom remission in older outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study

Neuropsychological Functioning in Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia

Cannabis users have higher premorbid IQ than other patients with first onset psychosis

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