The paradox of diatom-copepod interactions

Ban, Syuhei; Burns, Carolyn W.; Castel, Julien; Chaudron, Y.; Christou, Epaminondas D.; Escribano, Rubén; Umani, SF; Gasparini, Stéphane; Fg, Ruiz; Hoffmeyer, Mónica S.; Ianora, Adrianna; Hk, Kang; Laabir, Mohamed; Lacoste, Arnaud; Miralto, Antonio; Ning, X.; Poulet, S. A.; Rodrı́guez, Valeriano; Runge, Jeffrey A.; Shi, Jun Yi; Starr, Michel; Uye, Shin-ichi; Wang, Y.

doi:10.3354/meps157287

Cited by 240 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Recent studies show that some copepods preferentially feed on dinoflagellates and microzooplankton over diatoms (Stoecker and Capuzzo, 1990;Kleppel et al, 1991), which can be a sub-optimal food source for copepods. In one study, diatoms reduced fecundity by an average of 87% compared to non-diatom prey (Ban et al, 1997). In another study, hatching success was only 12% among copepods in a diatom-dominated bloom compared to 90% in post-bloom conditions (Miralto et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoplankton growth, microzooplankton herbivory and community structure in the southeast Bering Sea: insight into the formation and temporal persistence of an Emiliania huxleyi bloom

Olson

Strom

2002

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

143

108

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Using the seawater dilution technique, we measured phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing rates within and outside of the 1999 Bering Sea coccolithophorid bloom. We found that reduced microzooplankton grazing mortality is a key component in the formation and temporal persistence of the Emiliania huxleyi bloom that continues to proliferate in the southeast Bering Sea. Total chlorophyll a (Chl a) at the study sites ranged from 0.40 to 4.45 mg C l À1 . Highest phytoplankton biomass was found within the bloom, which was a mixed assemblage of diatoms and E. huxleyi. Here, 75% of the Chl a came from cells >10 mm and was attributed primarily to the high abundance of the diatom Nitzschia spp. Nutrient-enhanced total phytoplankton growth rates averaged 0.53 d À1 across all experimental stations. Average growth rates for >10 mm and o10 mm cells were nearly equal, while microzooplankton grazing varied among stations and size fractions. Grazing on phytoplankton cells >10 mm ranged from 0.19 to 1.14 d À1 . Grazing on cells o10 mm ranged from 0.02 to 1.07 d À1 , and was significantly higher at non-bloom (avg. 0.71 d À1 ) than at bloom (avg. 0.14 d À1 ) stations. Averaged across all stations, grazing by microzooplankton accounted for 110% and 81% of phytoplankton growth for >10 and o10 mm cells, respectively. These findings contradict the paradigm that microzooplankton are constrained to diets of nanophytoplankton and strongly suggests that their grazing capability extends beyond boundaries assumed by size-based models. Dinoflagellates and oligotrich ciliates dominated the microzooplankton community. Estimates of abundance and biomass for microzooplankton >10 mm were higher than previously reported for the region, ranging from 22,000 to 227,430 cells l À1 and 18 to 164 mg C l À1 . Highest abundance and biomass occurred in the bloom and corresponded with increased abundance of the large ciliate Laboea, and the heterotrophic dinoflagellates Protoperidinium and Gyrodinium spp. Despite low grazing rates on phytoplankton o10 mm within the bloom, the abundance and biomass of small microzooplankton (o20 mm) capable of grazing E. huxleyi was relatively high at bloom stations. This body of evidence, coupled with observed high grazing rates on large phytoplankton cells, suggests the phytoplankton community composition was strongly regulated by herbivorous activity of microzooplankton. Because grazing behavior deviated from size-based model predictions and was not proportional to microzooplankton biomass, alternate mechanisms that dictate levels of grazing activity were in effect in the southeastern Bering Sea. We hypothesize that these mechanisms included morphological or chemical signaling between phytoplankton and micrograzers, which led to selective grazing pressure. r

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoplankton growth, microzooplankton herbivory and community structure in the southeast Bering Sea: insight into the formation and temporal persistence of an Emiliania huxleyi bloom

Olson

Strom

2002

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

143

108

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“…Mar Ecol Prog Ser 216: [151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164][165] 2001 Some studies have found consumption of diatoms by females to result in low hatching success (Ianora & Poulet 1993, Poulet et al 1994, Chaudron et al 1996, Ban et al 1997), but this is still open to discussion (Jónasdóttir & Kiørboe 1996, Jónas-dóttir et al 1998, Irigoien et al 2000b.…”

Section: Resale or Republication Not Permitted Without Written Consenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of algal diet on growth and ingestion of Calanus helgolandicus nauplii

Rey¹,

Harris²,

Irigoien³

et al. 2001

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Nauplii of Calanus helgolandicus were raised from eggs, laid within a 12 h period, to Copepodite Stage I (CI) on 5 different species of algae at high concentrations at 15°C. The diets used were Isochrysis galbana (5 µm spherical diameter), Rhodomonas baltica (7 µm), the coccolithophorid Pleurochrysis carterae (12 µm), the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii (14 µm) and the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum micans (30 µm). Each day a sample was taken and preserved for later cohort analysis. Growth was estimated from CHN samples collected almost daily, from which naupliar stages were also distinguished. Ingestion was measured for each naupliar feeding stage. The fastest development was obtained with I. galbana and P. micans. We found the highest value of carbon and nitrogen content of Naupliar Stages NV to CI for individuals reared on the smallest algae, I. galbana and R. baltica. However, ingestion rate in terms of carbon or nitrogen was lowest with these same (smallest) algae. Therefore, the gross growth efficiency was highest for the smallest algae. These results suggest the following: Firstly, that factors influencing development time and weight in stage are different; weight in stage is negatively related to algal size, whereas development time is independent of it. The quality of the algal biochemical components could be the factor influencing development. Secondly, that small algae are fully assimilated in the gut whereas larger cells, i.e. those with indigestible components around the cell (theca, frustule, calcium layer) are only partly assimilated.KEY WORDS: Calanus helgolandicus · Nauplii · Growth · Development · Ingestion · Efficiency · Food quality Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 216: [151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164][165] 2001 Some studies have found consumption of diatoms by females to result in low hatching success (Ianora & Poulet 1993, Poulet et al. 1994, Chaudron et al. 1996, Ban et al. 1997), but this is still open to discussion (Jónasdóttir & Kiørboe 1996, Jónas-dóttir et al. 1998, Irigoien et al. 2000b.Development, body size and weight of nauplii and copepodites have been negatively related to temperature (Thompson 1982, Peterson 1986, Hopcroft & Roff 1998. Ontogenetic differences in the physiological response to temperature in copepods have also been noted (Pedersen & Tande 1992). The effect of food quantity on growth processes has often been unclear (Hart 1990, Hopcroft & Roff 1998, but some studies have clearly established an effect of food limitation on wild nauplii (Lopez 1991, Melle 1998, and this has been further substantiated by laboratory studies (Green et al. 1991, Lopez 1996.Food quality is another factor which has to be considered when examining variability in naupliar growth (Mullin & Brooks 1970, Paffenhöfer 1971, 1976, Fernández 1979a,b, Diel & Klein Breteler 1986, Verity & Smayda 1989. The major algal characteristics of importance are biochemical content, morphology, and di...

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“…Polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs) have received particular interest. The stage for discovery of these molecules was set in the 1990s, when a group of researchers advanced the "paradox of diatom-copepod interactions"-the observation that copepods, which prey on diatoms, exhibited decreased reproductive success when exclusively fed diatoms (6)(7)(8). Miralto et al (9) later purified PUAs from diatom cultures and observed arrested embryogenesis of copepod eggs that were exposed to these compounds.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose-dependent regulation of microbial activity on sinking particles by polyunsaturated aldehydes: Implications for the carbon cycle

Edwards

Bidle

Mooy

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Diatoms and other phytoplankton play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle, fixing CO 2 into organic carbon, which may then be exported to depth via sinking particles. The molecular diversity of this organic carbon is vast and many highly bioactive molecules have been identified. Polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs) are bioactive on various levels of the marine food web, and yet the potential for these molecules to affect the fate of organic carbon produced by diatoms remains an open question. In this study, the effects of PUAs on the natural microbial assemblages associated with sinking particles were investigated. Sinking particles were collected from 150 m in the water column and exposed to varying concentrations of PUAs in dark incubations over 24 h. PUA doses ranging from 1 to 10 μM stimulated respiration, organic matter hydrolysis, and cell growth by bacteria associated with sinking particles. PUA dosages near 100 μM appeared to be toxic, resulting in decreased bacterial cell abundance and metabolism, as well as pronounced shifts in bacterial community composition. Sinking particles were hot spots for PUA production that contained concentrations within the stimulatory micromolar range in contrast to previously reported picomolar concentrations of these compounds in bulk seawater. This suggests PUAs produced in situ stimulate the remineralization of phytoplankton-derived sinking organic matter, decreasing carbon export efficiency, and shoaling the average depths of nutrient regeneration. Our results are consistent with a "bioactivity hypothesis" for explaining variations in carbon export efficiency in the oceans. polyunsaturated aldehydes | sinking particles | particle-associated bacteria | marine carbon cycle | bioactivity hypothesis

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The paradox of diatom-copepod interactions

Cited by 240 publications

References 23 publications

Phytoplankton growth, microzooplankton herbivory and community structure in the southeast Bering Sea: insight into the formation and temporal persistence of an Emiliania huxleyi bloom

Phytoplankton growth, microzooplankton herbivory and community structure in the southeast Bering Sea: insight into the formation and temporal persistence of an Emiliania huxleyi bloom

Influence of algal diet on growth and ingestion of Calanus helgolandicus nauplii

Dose-dependent regulation of microbial activity on sinking particles by polyunsaturated aldehydes: Implications for the carbon cycle

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