2019
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110617-062443
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The Paradox Behind the Pattern of Rapid Adaptive Radiation: How Can the Speciation Process Sustain Itself Through an Early Burst?

Abstract: Rapid adaptive radiation poses two distinct questions apart from speciation and adaptation: What happens after one speciation event and how do some lineages continue speciating through a rapid burst? We review major features of rapid radiations and their mismatch with theoretical models and speciation mechanisms. The paradox is that the hallmark rapid burst pattern of adaptive radiation is contradicted by most speciation models, which predict continuously decelerating diversification and niche subdivision. Fur… Show more

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Cited by 78 publications
(116 citation statements)
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References 208 publications
(275 reference statements)
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“…Ecological speciation, i.e. speciation driven by differences in ecology, is considered the primary mode by which adaptive radiation can take place, and as various traits produce specific differences in ecology, certain traits are more strongly associated with the radiation process than others [3,11]. Therefore, it is vital to explain the effect of trait differences and how they contribute to species diversification, overall phenotypic disparity and ecological divergence.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Ecological speciation, i.e. speciation driven by differences in ecology, is considered the primary mode by which adaptive radiation can take place, and as various traits produce specific differences in ecology, certain traits are more strongly associated with the radiation process than others [3,11]. Therefore, it is vital to explain the effect of trait differences and how they contribute to species diversification, overall phenotypic disparity and ecological divergence.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…While the evidence is growing that hybridization can be a source of genetic variation that has facilitated adaptive radiations [5,10,[11][12][13][14][15][17][18][19]34] and has sometimes resulted in hybrid lineages that seeded more than one radiation [6,12], it remained obscure how hybridization could facilitate recurrent ARs long after the hybridization had taken place and in distant places. Our simulation study suggests that speciation and geographic isolation and subsequent secondary admixture of species or sub-lineages within a hybrid clade can enable geographic expansion and long-term maintenance of hybridization-induced genetic variation which exceeds mutation-selection-drift balance.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Growing empirical and theoretical evidence suggest that hybridization between genetically distant lineages can promote AR by assembling genes from distinct parental lineages into a wide array of novel genotypes [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] (the hybrid swarm origin hypothesis of AR [20]). However, at first consideration, such a contingency-dependent mechanism may seem unlikely to explain the repeated occurrence of AR within a lineage.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Adaptive variants associated with feeding behavior ( prlh; Fig 4A) and nasal protrusion ( tcf12 ; 99 th PIP percentile GWAS;Fig 4B;Data S8) originated in the northwestern Bahamas (New Providence Island, Exumas, and Cat Island) whereas adaptive introgression of variants associated with muscle development arrived from the southeastern Caribbean in the Dominican Republic ( cenpf, eya2; Fig 4A). This suggests that the extant SSI radiation of trophic specialists was reassembled from pools of ancient genetic variation contained in at least two distinct environmental refugia in other regions of the Caribbean, perhaps due to previous ephemeral adaptive radiations within these regions, thus connecting micro- and macroevolutionary-scale processes ( 30, 31 ).…”
Section: Main Textmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Our results show that adaptive radiations can occupy expansive evolutionary spaces: spanning the existing radiation itself and the multitude of both past and present ephemeral pools of genetic variation that contributed to rapid diversification. Research into the broader spatiotemporal landscape of vertebrate radiations, including the hominin radiation ( 31 ), can provide clear answers regarding longstanding hypotheses about their origins and contributions to global patterns of biodiversity.…”
Section: Main Textmentioning
confidence: 99%