The Paradigm of Self-optimization

Transitioning of Steel Producers to the Steelworks 4.0—Literature Review with Case Studies

“…− smart maintenance with machines that adapt to the information relayed from the devices to avoid or reduce downtime and with machines can think, according to the solutions proposed in the predictive maintenance [87][88][89]; − big data and smart analytics: thousands of sensors on the production line and visibility of data obtained via IIoT and CPS collect and present the data to improve operational efficiency [90]; − monitoring of devices work in real-time and process optimization: operations can be managed and maintained remotely via IIoT and by using modern technologies and systems, can suggest solutions for self-optimization and can be adapt to changing operational conditions [91]; − utilities (sustainable) management-all business activities toward energy and resources efficiency in the production of goods [92][93][94]; − full automatization of repetitive operations to improve on efficiencies and improve on the quality of products and flexibility of the production-requirements without complex changeovers [83]; and − smart supply chains: an end-to-end integration of the product enables operations to manage the smart plant supply chain in terms of raw materials required, production produced and customer deliveries, mobility solutions enable the organization to manage and execute processes or decisions in real-time at the production operationsthe operations must be able to adapt to dynamic changes (e g. changes in products specifications and orders) [83].…”