The parabrachial nucleus and conditioned taste aversion

Reilly, Steve

doi:10.1016/s0361-9230(98)00173-7

Cited by 127 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…al, 1992). These findings are consistent with the conclusions derived from lesion studies that examined the role of the PBN in CTA (e.g., Reilly, 1999). Although the roles of the CNA and BLA in CTA are not fully understood (Reilly & Bornovalova, 2005), these structures show elevated c-Fos activity after a LiCl injection (Lamprecht & Dudai, 1995;Gu et al, 1993;Spencer & Houpt, 2001;Yamamoto et.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

C-fos expression in the rat brain following lithium chloride-induced illness

2007

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The present study examined c-Fos expression in selected brain areas consequent to administration of lithium chloride, the typical illness-inducing agent used in laboratory studies of conditioned taste aversion. The results replicated previous findings of significant c-Fos expression in the parabrachial nucleus, the central nucleus of the amygdala and the basolateral amygdala. New findings indicate significant lithium-induced c-Fos in the gustatory region of the thalamus and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis but not in the insular cortex. The results are discussed with respect to the neural substrates of conditioned taste aversion.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

C-fos expression in the rat brain following lithium chloride-induced illness

2007

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“…Brain structures involved in the establishment of conditioned food preference or aversion and structures of the 'brain reward system' involved in the hedonic perception of food have been widely described in the rat model (for a review, see Ferreira, 2004;Berridge, 2009). This functional brain network consists of structures such as the amygdala (Gilbert et al, 2003), the insular cortex (Desgranges et al, 2009;Roman et al, 2009) or the parabrachial nucleus (Reilly, 1999;Reilly and Trifunovic, 2000), which are involved in the establishment of a feeding preference or aversion, depending on the sensorial stimuli involved. Literature data also report 'hedonic hotspots' distributed in different brain structures such as the nucleus accumbens (Baldo and Kelley, 2007;Barbano and Cador, 2007;Pritchett et al, 2010), the ventral pallidum (Berridge, 2009) or the subthalamic nucleus (Baunez et al, 2002).…”

Section: Neurobiological Similaritiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food preferences and aversions in human health and nutrition: how can pigs help the biomedical research?

Clouard

Meunier-Salaün

Val‐Laillet

2012

Animal

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The establishment of food preferences and aversions determines the modulation of eating behaviour and the optimization of food intake. These phenomena rely on the learning and memory abilities of the organism and depend on different psychobiological mechanisms such as associative conditionings and sociocultural influences. After summarizing the various behavioural and environmental determinants of the establishment of food preferences and aversions, this paper describes several issues encountered in human nutrition when preferences and aversions become detrimental to health: development of eating disorders and obesity, aversions and anorexia in chemotherapy-treated or elderly patients and poor palatability of medical substances and drugs. Most of the relevant biomedical research has been performed in rodent models, although this approach has severe limitations, especially in the nutritional field. Consequently, the final aim of this paper is to discuss the use of the pig model to investigate the behavioural and neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the establishment of food preferences and aversions by reviewing the literature supporting analogies at multiple levels (general physiology and anatomy, sensory sensitivity, digestive function, cognitive abilities, brain features) between pigs and humans.Keywords: pig, conditioned learning, eating behaviour, animal model, biomedical applications ImplicationsInvestigation of the behavioural and neurophysiological mechanisms of the establishment of food preferences and aversions can lead to important developments in the context of human nutrition and health. Because the rodent models are not always adequate in this field, there is a need to develop alternative experimental models. Pigs have numerous similarities with humans in terms of the physiology, anatomy, sensory sensitivity, cognitive abilities and brain functions. The aim of this paper is to promote the use of pigs for biomedical research in human nutrition. IntroductionFeeding is a complex behaviour, which can be described as 'the research and consumption of food and drink to maintain vital functions ' (Bellisle, 1999) and to 'fulfil the metabolic needs of the organism ' (Ferreira, 2004). Today, it is also well acknowledged that a high proportion of human food consumption in developed countries appears to be driven by pleasure (for a review, see Lowe and Butryn, 2007) and sociocultural influences. Food consumption is also involved in fundamental metabolic homeostasis regulation, as it controls the supply of energy and nutrients in the organism (Bellisle, 1999). According to Ferreira (2004), feeding behaviour implies that animals learn to consume high-energy foods and to avoid toxic foods. Establishment of food selection implies that, during its first experience with food, the organism memorizes the sensorial characteristics of the food (e.g. taste, odour, texture and visual cues) and the postingestive consequences of its ingestion, and associates these food characteristics with these consequences (Garcia et ...

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“…Gustatory responses of PbN neurons to NaCl in sodium-deprived rats were reduced relative to the control animals (70). Lesions of PbN also block the expression of a sodium appetite in rats (14,66), suggesting that PbN is involved in mediating sodium appetite.In addition, studies have demonstrated that lesions of the PbN prevent acquisition of CTA in rats (19,59,69,77,90).A number of anatomical and electrophysiological studies have shown strong neuronal connections between the PbN and forebrain gustatory nuclei. The efferent projections to the gustatory PbN from the LH, CeA, BNST, and GC were demonstrated in rats and hamsters (41,83,84,88,94).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In addition, studies have demonstrated that lesions of the PbN prevent acquisition of CTA in rats (19,59,69,77,90).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of activity of gustatory neurons in the hamster parabrachial nuclei by electrical stimulation of the ventroposteromedial nucleus of the thalamus

Mao¹,

Cho²,

Li³

2008

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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(VPMpc) is positioned at the key site between the gustatory parabrachial nuclei (PbN) and the gustatory cortex for relaying and processing gustatory information via the thalamocortical pathway. Although neuroanatomical and electrophysiological studies have provided information regarding the gustatory projection from PbN to VPMpc, the exact relationship between PbN and VPMpc, especially the efferent projection involving VPMpc to PbN, is obscure. Here we investigated the reciprocal connection between these two gustatory relays in urethaneanesthetized hamsters. We recorded from 114 taste-responsive neurons in the PbN and examined their responsiveness to electrical stimulation of the VPMpc bilaterally. Stimulation of either or both of the ipsilateral or contralateral VPMpc antidromically activated 109 gustatory PbN neurons. Seventy-two PbN neurons were antidromically activated after stimulation of both sides of the VPMpc, indicating that taste neurons in the PbN project heavily to the bilateral VPMpc. Stimulation of VPMpc also orthodromically activated 110 of PbN neurons, including 106 VPMpc projection neurons. Seventyeight neurons were orthodromically activated bilaterally. Among orthodromic activations of the PbN cells, the inhibitory response was the dominant response; 106 cells were inhibited, including 10 neurons that were also excited contralaterally, indicating that taste neurons in the PbN are subject to strong inhibitory control from VPMpc. Moreover, stimulation of VPMpc altered taste responses of the neurons in the PbN, indicating that VPMpc modulates taste responses of PbN neurons. These results may provide functional insight of neural circuitry for taste processing and modulation involving these two nuclei.central gustatory pathway; pons; electrophysiology THE PARABRACHIAL NUCLEI (PbN) and the parvicellular part of the ventroposteromedial nucleus of the thalamus (VPMpc) are the second and tertiary central relays for taste information processing in rodents, respectively (4,13,17,28,45,49,51). Gustatory information elicited from the tongue and oropharyngeal cavity is initially carried to the rostral portion of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) by the VIIth, IXth, and Xth cranial nerves, and these terminals are distributed in a topographic fashion with rostral-caudal sequence in the rostral NST (2,9,23,24,89). From the NST, ascending gustatory fibers project to third-order taste cells within the PbN of the pons (7,22,42,46,(53)(54)(55)87). Two separate routes carry taste information from the PbN further to the forebrain taste areas and cortex: the ventral forebrain pathway that involves the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), the lateral hypothalamus (LH), the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), the substantia innominata (3,12,16,21,31,33,34,41,47,63,64,71); and the thalamocortical pathway that is characterized by the involvement of the bilateral VPMpc, which, in turn, carries taste information to the gustatory cortex (GC) (5,25,45,48,51).The PbN is a critical neural substrate for a number...

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The parabrachial nucleus and conditioned taste aversion

Cited by 127 publications

References 144 publications

C-fos expression in the rat brain following lithium chloride-induced illness

C-fos expression in the rat brain following lithium chloride-induced illness

Food preferences and aversions in human health and nutrition: how can pigs help the biomedical research?

Modulation of activity of gustatory neurons in the hamster parabrachial nuclei by electrical stimulation of the ventroposteromedial nucleus of the thalamus

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