The PAPI Lights-Based Vision System for Aircraft Automatic Control during Approach and Landing

Nowak, Dariusz; Kopecki, Grzegorz; Kordos, Damian; Rogalski, Tomasz

doi:10.3390/aerospace9060285

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Any lights on a raw picture obtained from the camera – processed also in other research presented in Nowak et al (2022) – are represented by small groups of pixels in colour lighter than the background (Figure 5). The first step in the whole process is to determine the brightness level of particular parts of the picture.…”

Section: Determination Of Lateral Deviationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The use of vision system to determine lateral deviation from landing trajectory

Rogalski,

Rzucidło,

Noga

et al. 2023

AEAT

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Purpose This study presents an image processing algorithm capable of calculating selected flight parameters requested by flight control systems to guide aircraft along the horizontal projection of the landing trajectory. The parameters identified based on the basics of the image of the Calvert light system appearing in the on-board video system are used by flight control algorithms that imitate the pilot’s schematics of control. Controls were generated using a fuzzy logic expert system. This study aims to analyse an alternative to classical solutions that can be applied to some specific cases. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses theoretical discussions and breakdowns to create the basics for the development of structures for both image processing algorithms and control algorithms. An analytical discussion on the first stage was transformed into laboratory rig tests using a real autopilot unit. The results of this research were verified in a series of software-in-the-loop computer simulations. Findings The image processing method extracts the most crucial parameters defining the relative position of the aircraft to the runway, as well as the control algorithm that uses it. Practical implications In flight control systems that do not use any dedicated ground or satellite infrastructure to land the aircraft. Originality/value This paper presents the original approach of the author to aircraft control in cases where visual signals are used to determine the flight trajectory of the aircraft.

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Section: Determination Of Lateral Deviationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sample vertical profile of the flare phase of landing (a) and its horizontal projection (Nowak et al , 2022) (b)…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

The use of vision system to determine lateral deviation from landing trajectory

Rogalski,

Rzucidło,

Noga

et al. 2023

AEAT

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“…Flight tests are used as the final verification methods for many types of devices and algorithms including flight control systems. They can use classical orientation and position sensors like inertial measuring unit, satellite-based navigation, air data computers, which is the case of presented system, but also vision-based sensing (Rzucidło et al , 2021; Nowak et al , 2022; Kordos et al , 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial flight test verification of software and hardware in the loop simulations of the flight stabilization system

Zajdel,

Welcer,

Szczepanski

2024

AEAT

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Purpose This paper aims to present assessment of models and simulation results used in the development process of flight stabilisation system that uses trim tabs for PZL-130 Orlik turboprop military trainer aircraft. Flight test of the system allowed to compare software and hardware simulation results with real flight recordings. Design/methodology/approach Proposed flight stabilisation system was developed using modern techniques of model-based design, automatic code generation, software and hardware in the loop testing. The project reached flight testing stage which allowed to gather data to verify models and simulation results and asses their quality. Findings Results of the comparison showed that the trim tab actuator model used in simulation can be improved by adding play. This reduced the difference between simulation and real flight system output – actuator angle. The influence of airloads on the flying actuator angle compared to hardware in the loop simulation in lab is less than ± 0.6°. Originality/value Proposed flight stabilisation system that uses trim tabs has several benefits over classic automatic flight system in terms of weight, energy consumption and structure simplicity and does not need aircraft primary control modification. It was developed using modern techniques of model-based design, automatic code generation and hardware in the loop simulations.

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“…This paper presents a vision system to measure the position relative to the runway during the approach to landing. These topics have been addressed by numerous researchers [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. The runway detection process itself, based on color and features, is described in the article “Robust Method to Detect and Track the Runway during Aircraft Landing Using Color Segmentation and Runway Features” [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vision System Measuring the Position of an Aircraft in Relation to the Runway during Landing Approach

Kordos

Krzaczkowski

Rzucidło

et al. 2023

Sensors

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This paper presents a vision system that measures the position of an aircraft relative to the runway (RWY) during a landing approach. It was assumed that all the information necessary for a correct approach was based entirely on an analysis of the image of the runway and its surroundings. It was assumed that the way the algorithm works, as well as possible, should imitate the pilot’s perception of the runway. Taking into account the above and the fact that the infrastructure at each airport is different, it has been decided to use artificial neural networks with a dedicated learning process for any airport, based on the simulation environments. Such an action will enable the generation of a synthetic video sequence without the need for costly and time-consuming flights. The presented solution was tested in real flight conditions on an experimental aircraft, and the selected test results are presented in this article.

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The PAPI Lights-Based Vision System for Aircraft Automatic Control during Approach and Landing

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

The use of vision system to determine lateral deviation from landing trajectory

The use of vision system to determine lateral deviation from landing trajectory

Initial flight test verification of software and hardware in the loop simulations of the flight stabilization system

Vision System Measuring the Position of an Aircraft in Relation to the Runway during Landing Approach

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