The Paleolithic of Mongolia

Okladnikov, A. P.

doi:10.1515/9783110810035.317

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…within subclusters R11b, M10a1 and M11d) originated from Altai region of southern Siberia, further suggested that the southern mountain belt of Siberia acts as a likely main route for pioneer settlement of northern Asia [54]–[57].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Complete Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of Eastern Eurasian Haplogroups Rarely Found in Populations of Northern Asia and Eastern Europe

et al. 2012

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With the aim of uncovering all of the most basal variation in the northern Asian mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups, we have analyzed mtDNA control region and coding region sequence variation in 98 Altaian Kazakhs from southern Siberia and 149 Barghuts from Inner Mongolia, China. Both populations exhibit the prevalence of eastern Eurasian lineages accounting for 91.9% in Barghuts and 60.2% in Altaian Kazakhs. The strong affinity of Altaian Kazakhs and populations of northern and central Asia has been revealed, reflecting both influences of central Asian inhabitants and essential genetic interaction with the Altai region indigenous populations. Statistical analyses data demonstrate a close positioning of all Mongolic-speaking populations (Mongolians, Buryats, Khamnigans, Kalmyks as well as Barghuts studied here) and Turkic-speaking Sojots, thus suggesting their origin from a common maternal ancestral gene pool. In order to achieve a thorough coverage of DNA lineages revealed in the northern Asian matrilineal gene pool, we have completely sequenced the mtDNA of 55 samples representing haplogroups R11b, B4, B5, F2, M9, M10, M11, M13, N9a and R9c1, which were pinpointed from a massive collection (over 5000 individuals) of northern and eastern Asian, as well as European control region mtDNA sequences. Applying the newly updated mtDNA tree to the previously reported northern Asian and eastern Asian mtDNA data sets has resolved the status of the poorly classified mtDNA types and allowed us to obtain the coalescence age estimates of the nodes of interest using different calibrated rates. Our findings confirm our previous conclusion that northern Asian maternal gene pool consists of predominantly post-LGM components of eastern Asian ancestry, though some genetic lineages may have a pre-LGM/LGM origin.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Complete Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of Eastern Eurasian Haplogroups Rarely Found in Populations of Northern Asia and Eastern Europe

et al. 2012

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“…The peopling of northern Asia by anatomically modern humans probably began more than 40 kya, with the first evidence in the Altai region, suggesting the southern mountain belt of Siberia and Middle Siberian plateau as a likely route for this pioneer settlement of northern Asia [33]–[36]. The present-day variation of haplogroups C and D suggests that these mtDNA clades had already expanded before the LGM, with their oldest lineages being present in the eastern Asia.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and Post-Glacial Dispersal of Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups C and D in Northern Asia

et al. 2010

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More than a half of the northern Asian pool of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is fragmented into a number of subclades of haplogroups C and D, two of the most frequent haplogroups throughout northern, eastern, central Asia and America. While there has been considerable recent progress in studying mitochondrial variation in eastern Asia and America at the complete genome resolution, little comparable data is available for regions such as southern Siberia – the area where most of northern Asian haplogroups, including C and D, likely diversified. This gap in our knowledge causes a serious barrier for progress in understanding the demographic pre-history of northern Eurasia in general. Here we describe the phylogeography of haplogroups C and D in the populations of northern and eastern Asia. We have analyzed 770 samples from haplogroups C and D (174 and 596, respectively) at high resolution, including 182 novel complete mtDNA sequences representing haplogroups C and D (83 and 99, respectively). The present-day variation of haplogroups C and D suggests that these mtDNA clades expanded before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), with their oldest lineages being present in the eastern Asia. Unlike in eastern Asia, most of the northern Asian variants of haplogroups C and D began the expansion after the LGM, thus pointing to post-glacial re-colonization of northern Asia. Our results show that both haplogroups were involved in migrations, from eastern Asia and southern Siberia to eastern and northeastern Europe, likely during the middle Holocene.

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“…lthough Siberia and Mongolia are geographically adjacent to North China, there are striking differences in the Middle and Upper Paleolithic raw material economies of the two regions. In Mongolia and Siberia, sophisticated prepared core technologies such as Middle Paleolithic Levallois cores and Upper Paleolithic blade cores were used extensively (Okladnikov, 1965(Okladnikov, , 1978(Okladnikov, , 1981Vasil'ev, 1992Vasil'ev, , 1996Fairservice, 1993;Goebel, Derevianko & Petrin, 1993;Goebel & Aksenov, 1995;Derevianko & Markin, 1997;Derevianko, 1998;Derevianko & Petrin, 1995a, b). In North China, however, only a handful of sites contain Middle or Upper Paleolithic prepared core technologies (Boule et al, 1928;Li Yanxian, 1993;Lin Shenglong, 1996;Yamanaka, 1995).…”

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confidence: 99%