The Paleobiology and Ontogeny of Cincinnaticrinus Varibrachialus Warn and Strimple, 1977 From the Middle Ordovician (Shermanian) Walcott-Rust Quarry of New York

Brower, James C.

doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079<0152:tpaooc>2.0.co;2

Cited by 16 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…Meyer (1982) stated that there seems to be no reason for doubting that crinoids have been microphagous feeders throughout their evolutionary history. Brower (2005) also noted that the food grooves and covering plates of Ordovician crinoids are similar to those of modern forms indicating similar feeding habits in living and fossil crinoids. These conclusions indicate that crinoids have been conservative in their diet and feeding modes.…”

Section: Crinoidsmentioning

confidence: 79%

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<strong>Form, Function, Food and Feeding in Stellate Echinoderms*</strong>

Lawrence

2012

Zoosymposia

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The stellate echinoderms (crinoids, ophiuroids, asteroids) have arms that are involved in feeding. Arms are extensions from the central body and affect the form of the organism. The arms of crinoids, ophiuroids and asteroids differ in structure and have different characteristics. Crinoids are pentaradiate and primitively pentabrachiate, with an internal skeletal support that permits up and down movements. Although branching of the arms occurs, the basic structure remains unchanged. This, along with the mouth on the upper surface, i.e. directed away from the substrate, means that the food of crinoids has always been microplankton. The mouth of ophiuroids is directed towards the substrate. The internal skeletal support of their arms permits both up and down and lateral movements. Like crinoids, most ophiuroids are pentaradiate and pentabrachiate, with supernumerary arms being limited in number. Branching of ophiuroid arms occurs only in some euryalids. Ophiuroid arms also have spines, which do not occur in the arms of crinoids. With these characteristics, food of ophiuroids includes not only microplankton but also nekton, benthic particles and small prey. The major distinction of asteroids from crinoids and ophiuroids is that skeletal support of asteroid arms is external. Like ophiuroids, the mouth is directed toward the substrate. Unlike crinoids and ophiuroids, digestion in asteroids involves direct contact between the stomach and the prey and is extraoral in most asteroid taxa. Expansion of the oral surface increases the area over which the stomach can be extended and increases the capacity for feeding. This has occurred in two ways in stellate echinoderms: extension of the interradii in five-armed species and connection of the proximal parts of the rays in multiarmed species. Asteroid arms are not branched. Modified spines (pedicellariae) are used for feeding. The array of food is more extensive in asteroids because of these features including surface prey, particles, multiple small prey, macroprey and nekton. The form of the arm of each stellate group has constraints and potentials that determine food and feeding.

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Section: Crinoidsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…If feeding is a function of the number of tube feet (Brower 2005), the question is, how is the number of tube feet increased? Modification and changes in body form associated with feeding has been limited to changing the number of arms and branching of arms and, therefore, the number of tube feet.…”

Section: Crinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<strong>Form, Function, Food and Feeding in Stellate Echinoderms*</strong>

Lawrence

2012

Zoosymposia

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“…The shape of the cover plates differs. Cincinnaticrinus varibrachialus (Brower 2005: fig. 6; 161, 165) has cover plates of about the same height (average 0.13 mm), which do not extend much above the distal margins of the brachs.…”

Section: Cover Platesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redescription of the cyathocrinid cladid Codiacrinus schultzei Follmann, 1887 from the Lower Devonian Hunsrück Slate at Bundenbach (Germany)

Südkamp¹

2010

Paläontol. Z.

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Codiacrinus schultzei Follmann, 1887 commonly occurs in the Lower Devonian Hunsrück Slate of Bundenbach (Germany). Although this cyathocrinid cladid has been studied for almost 125 years, its morphology remains incompletely known. This article reports unusual arm growth, the regeneration of an arm, the preservation of tegminal plates, the sculpture of the cup (hexagonal concentric lines), and the preservation of visceral organs, which were positioned within the cup. One X-radiograph possibly shows the mid-and hind-gut (preserved as soft tissues). Furthermore, the shape and arrangement of the cover plates are described in more detail than previously. Codiacrinus schultzei is systematically redescribed and compared with the other species in the genus. Further study of the systematic placement (within the Flexibilia?) is appropriate.

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“…Among his many papers are comprehensive surveys of the echinoderm faunas of classic Ordovician assemblages, including most recently the Walcott-Rust Quarry in New York (Brower, 2005(Brower, , 2008(Brower, , 2010(Brower, , 2011 and the Dunleith Formation in Iowa and Minnesota (Brower, 2013). He was working with colleagues in Montreal to describe a spectacular assemblage from the Neuville Formation in Quebec when he passed (e.g., Brower et al, 2014), and one of us (WIA) will be taking up the mantle of that work to ensure it gets completed in his name.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crinoids became the dominant group of echinoderms during the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE), and Jim’s careful study of these crinoids is an essential part of our current understanding of the taxonomy, phylogeny, diversification, and paleoecology of this dominant group of Paleozoic organisms. Among his many papers are comprehensive surveys of the echinoderm faunas of classic Ordovician assemblages, including most recently the Walcott-Rust Quarry in New York (Brower, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2011) and the Dunleith Formation in Iowa and Minnesota (Brower, 2013). He was working with colleagues in Montreal to describe a spectacular assemblage from the Neuville Formation in Quebec when he passed (e.g., Brower et al, 2014), and one of us (WIA) will be taking up the mantle of that work to ensure it gets completed in his name.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Memorial: A fond farewell to James C. Brower (1934–2018)

2018

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It is our sad duty to report to the Paleontological Society on the loss of a dear friend and valued colleague. James Clinton Brower, paleontologist and Professor Emeritus of Earth Sciences at Syracuse University, passed away at his home on April 9 th at the age of 83, with his wife and true soulmate, Karen, at his side. Jim was a towering figure in echinoderm paleobiology and in the numerical/statistical treatment of paleobiological data. He taught at SU for 33 years and remained an active member of the faculty following his retirement, regularly publishing papers, participating in seminars, and serving on thesis committees. Jim earned his Bachelors and Masters degrees from American University following his service in the Korean War. He then moved to the University of Wisconsin at Madison, where he completed his PhD dissertation entitled "Evolution and classification of primitive actinocrinitids" (Brower, 1964) under the mentorship of Lowell Laudon. After graduation, he moved with his first wife, June, to Syracuse where he enjoyed a long and successful career. He and June had two sons, Jeffrey and Richard, prior to June's death in 1982. In 1989, he married Karen and they were together for 29 wonderful years until his passing (Fig. 1). Jim is especially well known for his careful and detailed work on the taxonomy, functional morphology, ontogeny, and paleoecology of Paleozoic crinoids, and for his rigorous numerical treatment of data. For crinoid workers, Jim was, paradoxically, a link to the past and at the same time an innovator who helped point the way forward for paleobiological study of fossil crinoids and other groups. Jim's dissertation advisor together with Raymond C. Moore developed our basic understanding of crinoids, as summarized in the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology (Moore and Teichert, 1978), so he was well-grounded in that classical work. At the same time, Jim provided the initial and essential push for the next generation of crinoid study, using modern numerical techniques and an appreciation of function and physiology to better constrain our understanding of the group moving forward. Whether it was ontogeny, phylogenetics, or niche modeling, and always with a welcoming smile, Jim was our example of best practices for interpretation of the crinoid fossil record. Jim's early work was on Mississippian crinoids, but much of his career was devoted to Ordovician crinoids. Crinoids became the dominant group of echinoderms during the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE), and Jim's careful study of these crinoids is an essential part of our current understanding of the taxonomy, phylogeny, diversification, and paleoecology of this dominant group of Paleozoic organisms.

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The Paleobiology and Ontogeny of Cincinnaticrinus Varibrachialus Warn and Strimple, 1977 From the Middle Ordovician (Shermanian) Walcott-Rust Quarry of New York

Cited by 16 publications

References 25 publications

<strong>Form, Function, Food and Feeding in Stellate Echinoderms*</strong>

<strong>Form, Function, Food and Feeding in Stellate Echinoderms*</strong>

Redescription of the cyathocrinid cladid Codiacrinus schultzei Follmann, 1887 from the Lower Devonian Hunsrück Slate at Bundenbach (Germany)

Memorial: A fond farewell to James C. Brower (1934–2018)

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