The palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology and palaeoenvironmental analysis of mass extinction events

Twitchett, Richard J.

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.05.019

Cited by 245 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…For example, actions have targeted the preservation of individual species (Teich et al 2005), the establishment of areas of conservation priority (Myers et al 2000) and the promotion of re-wilding at a continental scale (Navarro and Pereira 2012). The current observed loss of biodiversity is not unique in geological history with five other broad scale extinction events identified in the fossil record during the: (1) Late Ordovician, (2) Late Devonian, (3) Late Permian, (4) Late Triassic and (5) end-Cretaceous (Benton 1995;McGhee et al 2004;Twitchett 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen-vegetation richness and diversity relationships in the tropics

Gosling

Julier

Adu‐Bredu

et al. 2017

Veget Hist Archaeobot

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Tracking changes in biodiversity through time requires an understanding of the relationship between modern diversity and how this diversity is preserved in the fossil record. Fossil pollen is one way in which past vegetation diversity can be reconstructed. However, there is limited understanding of modern pollen-vegetation diversity relationships from biodiverse tropical ecosystems. Here, pollen (palynological) richness and diversity (Hill N 1 ) are compared with vegetation richness and diversity from forest and savannah ecosystems in the New World and Old World tropics (Neotropics and Palaeotropics). Modern pollen data were obtained from artificial pollen traps deployed in 1-ha vegetation study plots from which vegetation inventories had been completed in Bolivia and Ghana. Pollen counts were obtained from 15 to 22 traps per plot, and aggregated pollen sums for each plot were > 2,500. The palynological richness/diversity values from the Neotropics were moist evergreen forest = 86/6.8, semi-deciduous dry forest = 111/21.9, wooded savannah = 138/31.5, and from the Palaeotropics wet evergreen forest = 144/28.3, semi-deciduous moist forest = 104/4.4, forest-savannah transition = 121/14.1; the corresponding vegetation richness/diversity was 100/36.7, 80/38.7 and 71/39.4 (Neotropics), and 101/54.8, 87/45.5 and 71/34.5 (Palaeotropics). No consistent relationship was found between palynological richness/diversity, and plot vegetation richness/diversity, due to the differential influence of other factors such as landscape diversity, pollination strategy, and pollen source area. Palynological richness exceeded vegetation richness, while pollen diversity was lower than vegetation diversity. The relatively high global diversity of tropical vegetation was found to be reflected in the pollen rain.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen-vegetation richness and diversity relationships in the tropics

Gosling

Julier

Adu‐Bredu

et al. 2017

Veget Hist Archaeobot

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“…Several previous authors have established an extinction pattern around the ETMEE for the macrobenthic fauna which, from a broad perspective, holds for the extinction models proposed by Kauffman & Erwin (1995) and , although with some modifications (see Twitchett 2006 for a revision of these models).…”

Section: Extinction Phases Of the Brachiopod Fauna Around The Etmeementioning

confidence: 73%

“…As a rule, size-decrease patterns linked to mass extinction events have been widely documented mainly in the aftermath of extinction boundaries through the well-known "Lilliput effect" as a post-extinction syndrome in the survival taxa (e.g. Urbanek 1993;Twitchett 2001Twitchett , 2006Twitchett , 2007Harries & Knorr 2009). However, among the significant bioevents that occurred during the brachiopod's extensive macroevolutionary history, reduction in size within an extinction interval preceding extinction boundary is, generally considerably understudied except for some noticeable data (see e.g.…”

Section: Pre-extinction Dwarfingmentioning

confidence: 99%

New deep-water brachiopod resilient assemblage from the South-Iberian Palaeomargin (Western Tethys) and its significance for the brachiopod adaptive strategies around the Early Toarcian Mass Extinction Event

Baeza-Carratalá¹,

Reolid²,

Joral³

2017

Bull. Geosci.

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The Pliensbachian-Toarcian transition was a period of changes in long-term environmental conditions leading up to the Early Toarcian Mass Extinction Event (ETMEE), which resulted in a noticeable extinction and turnover in the marine biota. The westernmost Tethyan basins, especially the peri-Iberian platforms, provide an exceptional brachiopod record to better understand the adaptive strategies and the severe ecological effects of these faunas within the marine ecosystems. This event marks a critical interval in the evolutionary history of the Phylum Brachiopoda as two orders, the Athyridida and Spiriferinida, became extinct. Evolutionary patterns displayed by several taxa from these groups and some rhynchonellids typifying deep-water habitats are analyzed across this biotic crisis spanning several Mediterranean and NW-European basins. New work performed in La Cerradura section, a deep pelagic trough from the South-Iberian palaeomargin, reveals two new taxa (Koninckodonta sumuntanensis and Atychorhynchia falsiorigo) herein described. This newly documented fauna supports pre-extinction dwarfing and resilience in deep refugia linked to the ETMEE, and an episode of speciation which is interpreted in terms of a pre-extinction radiation. In the ETMEE repopulation phase an opportunistic strategy occurs typified by Soaresirhynchia bouchardi, and a case of homoplasy involving post-extinction pioneers (Elvis taxon) is detected. Similar adaptive strategies occurred associated with other mass extinctions such as the Permian/Triassic and the Cretaceous/Paleocene events, supporting a possible standard pattern in the response of the brachiopod fauna to such biotic crises and shedding light on the ecological effects of the mass extinction events. •

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“…This ichnofacies, together with the presence of hummocky cross-stratified beds (e.g., Grundvåg 2008; Grundvå g et al 2013), suggests a lower to upper offshore environment. The low diversity, small size, low complexity, low penetration depth and low degree of bioturbation are typical of Induan trace fossil assemblages in many parts of the world, as a consequence of the major PermianÁTriassic event, in the first stage of recovery sensu Twitchett (2006;see also, e.g., Twitchett & Wignall 1996;Chen et al 2011;Chen et al 2012; and references therein). However, very early advanced (late Griesbachian) recovery manifested by higher ichnodiversity is noted in tropic and boreal realms (Wignall et al 1998;MacNaughton & Zonneveld 2010;Hofmann et al 2011).…”

Section: Depositional Environment Of the Permianáearliest Triassic Sumentioning

confidence: 99%

Depositional environment, ichnological features and oxygenation of Permian to earliest Triassic marine sediments in central Spitsbergen, Svalbard

et al. 2016

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The palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology and palaeoenvironmental analysis of mass extinction events

Cited by 245 publications

References 98 publications

Pollen-vegetation richness and diversity relationships in the tropics

Pollen-vegetation richness and diversity relationships in the tropics

New deep-water brachiopod resilient assemblage from the South-Iberian Palaeomargin (Western Tethys) and its significance for the brachiopod adaptive strategies around the Early Toarcian Mass Extinction Event

Depositional environment, ichnological features and oxygenation of Permian to earliest Triassic marine sediments in central Spitsbergen, Svalbard

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