The Palaeocene/Eocene boundary section at Zumaia (Basque‐Cantabric Basin) revisited: new insights from high‐resolution magnetic susceptibility and carbon isotope chemostratigraphy on organic matter (δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>org</sub>)

Storme, Jean-Yves; Devleeschouwer, Xavier; Schnyder, Johann; Cambier, Geoffrey; Baceta, Juan Ignacio; Pujalte, Victoriano; Matteo, Antonietta Di; Iacumin, Paola; Yans, Johan

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3121.2012.01064.x

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Onset of the CIE and PETM happened rapidly, during the first 20,000 years or so of a PETM event that spanned 7.5-8 earth-axis precession cycles, or about 157-168 ky in total (Abdul Aziz et al 2008;Storme et al 2012). PETM mammalian faunas are known from Europe (Smith and Smith 1996;Smith 1999) and Asia (Bowen et al 2002;Ting 1993;Ting et al 2003) as well as North America (Clyde and Gingerich 1998;Gingerich 1989Gingerich , 2006Gingerich and Smith 2006;Rose et al 2012;Secord et al 2012;Strait 2001).…”

Section: First Appearance Of Primates In the Fossil Recordmentioning

confidence: 96%

Primates in the Eocene

Gingerich

2012

Palaeobio Palaeoenv

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The mammalian order Primates made its first appearance in the fossil record during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM), the global greenhouse warming event that marks the beginning of the Eocene. Two primate superfamilies, Tarsioidea and Adapoidea, dominate early and middle Eocene primate faunas. Warm climates enabled primates to thrive, and warming events within the Eocene facilitated cosmopolitan dispersal. Declining diversity at the end of the Eocene reflects environmental cooling. Fossils of earliest Tarsioidea and Adapoidea are similar dentally, often confused, and appear closely related as stem or crown Haplorhini. The superfamily Tarsioidea is represented by a single genus, Tarsius, living today, while Adapoidea appear to be ancestral to living Anthropoidea. Little is known of the Eocene history of strepsirrhine Lemuroidea and Lorisoidea. Temporal scaling of molecular clock ages suggests that Strepsirrhini appeared before Haplorhini in the Paleocene or possibly with Haplorhini at the beginning of the Eocene. Substantial skeletons of Eocene primates like those of adapoid Darwinius and Europolemur from Messel in Germany and Notharctus and Smilodectes from western North America constrain phylogenetic interpretation of primate relationships much more than dental remains ever can. A specialised grasping foot distinguishes early primates from other mammals. Traits associated in a functional complex include replacement of claws by nails on all digits; movement of the pedal fulcrum from the metatarsals to the tarsals; elongation of digit IV relative to digit III, with reduction of digit II and sometimes III; and then secondary development of a grooming claw or claws on digits II and sometimes III. The specialised grasping foot of early primates was later moderated in the emergence of anthropoid primates.

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Section: First Appearance Of Primates In the Fossil Recordmentioning

confidence: 96%

Primates in the Eocene

Gingerich

2012

Palaeobio Palaeoenv

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“…Age control for the Zumaia section is based on biostratigraphy (Schmitz et al, 1997;Baceta et al, 2000;Alegret et al, 2009) and magnetostratigraphy (Baceta et al, 2000;Dinares-Turell et al, 2002;Storme et al, 2012). Dated horizons occur every 0.01 to 0.72 Myr within the Zumaia section and the interval containing the IETM is particularly well dated.…”

Section: Age Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of reduced turbidity current and landslide activity for the Initial Eocene Thermal Maximum – evidence from two distal, deep-water sites

Clare

Talling

Hunt

2015

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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Editor: J. Lynch-Stieglitz Keywords: IETM PETM submarine landslide gas hydrate geohazard global warmingPrevious studies propose that submarine landslides and turbidity currents may become more likely due to future rapid global warming. Determining whether global warming increases likelihood assists in assessment of landslide-triggered tsunami hazards and risk to seafloor structures. Other studies propose that landslides helped to trigger past rapid climate change due to sudden release of gas hydrates. Two deep-water turbidite records show prolonged hiatuses in turbidity current activity during the Initial Eocene Thermal Maximum (IETM) at ∼55 Ma. The IETM represents a possible proxy for future anthropogenically-induced climate change. It is likely that our records mainly represent large and fast moving disintegrative submarine landslides. Statistical analysis of long term (>2.3 Myr) records shows that turbidity current frequency significantly decreased after the IETM. Our results indicate that rapid climate change does not necessarily cause increased turbidity current activity, and do not provide evidence for landslides as a primary trigger for the IETM.

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“…The 4 m thick FSU occurs within an alternation of marls and marly limestones, with intercalated thin-bedded turbidites, rich in benthic and planktonic foraminifera and calcareous nannofossils (e.g., Schmitz et al, 1997;Orue-Etxebarria et al, 2004;Alegret et al, 2009). The Zumaia FSU is ascribed to the PETM based on biostratigraphically constrained isotopic profiles of both bulk rock carbonate samples (Schmitz et al, 1997) and dispersed organic carbon (Storme et al, 2012). The polarity Chron C25n was delineated from 35 to 25 m below the base of the FSU ( Fig.…”

Section: Main P-e Marine Reference Sections Of the Pyreneesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A massive input of coarse-grained siliciclastics in the Pyrenean Basin during the PETM: the missing ingredient in a coeval abrupt change in hydrological regime

2015

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Abstract. The Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) is represented in numerous shallow and deep marine sections of the south–central and western Pyrenees by a 2–4 m thick unit (locally up to 20 m) of clays or marly clays intercalated within a carbonate-dominated succession. This unit records a massive input into the Pyrenean Gulf of fine-grained terrestrial siliciclastics, attributed to an abrupt hydrological change during the PETM. However, the nature of such a change remains controversial. Here we show that, in addition to fine-grained deposits, large volumes of coarse-grained siliciclastics were brought into the basin and were mostly accumulated in incised valleys and in a long-lived deep-sea channel. The occurrence of these coarse-grained deposits has been known for some time, but their correlation with the PETM is reported here for the first time. The bulk of the incised valley deposits in the PETM interval are cross-bedded sands and pebbly sands, almost exclusively made of quartz. The criteria for indicting a relation to the PETM include their stratigraphic position between upper Thanetian and lower Ilerdian marine carbonates, organic carbon isotope data, and a high percentage of kaolinite in the clay matrix. The axially flowing deep-sea channel existed throughout Paleocene times in the Pyrenean Basin, within which coarse-grained calciclastic and siliciclastic turbidites were accumulated. This Paleocene succession is capped by thickly bedded quartz sandstones and pebbly sandstones, probably deposited by hyperpycnal flows, which are here assigned to the PETM based on their stratigraphic position and organic carbon isotopic data. The large and simultaneous increase in coarse- and fine-grained terrestrial siliciclastics delivered to the Pyrenean Gulf during the PETM is attributed to an increased intra-annual humidity gradient. During the PETM a longer and drier summer season facilitated the erosion of landscapes, whereas a dramatic enhancement of precipitation extremes during the wet season led to intensified flood events, with rivers carrying greater volumes of both bed and suspended loads. This scenario argues against the possibility that PETM kaolinites indicate a coeval warm and humid climate in northern Spain. Instead, the kaolinite reflects the erosion of thick Cretaceous lateritic profiles developed on the Hercynian basement.

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The Palaeocene/Eocene boundary section at Zumaia (Basque‐Cantabric Basin) revisited: new insights from high‐resolution magnetic susceptibility and carbon isotope chemostratigraphy on organic matter (δ¹³C_org)

Cited by 32 publications

References 35 publications

Primates in the Eocene

Primates in the Eocene

Implications of reduced turbidity current and landslide activity for the Initial Eocene Thermal Maximum – evidence from two distal, deep-water sites

A massive input of coarse-grained siliciclastics in the Pyrenean Basin during the PETM: the missing ingredient in a coeval abrupt change in hydrological regime

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The Palaeocene/Eocene boundary section at Zumaia (Basque‐Cantabric Basin) revisited: new insights from high‐resolution magnetic susceptibility and carbon isotope chemostratigraphy on organic matter (δ13Corg)

Cited by 32 publications

References 35 publications

Primates in the Eocene

Primates in the Eocene

Implications of reduced turbidity current and landslide activity for the Initial Eocene Thermal Maximum – evidence from two distal, deep-water sites

A massive input of coarse-grained siliciclastics in the Pyrenean Basin during the PETM: the missing ingredient in a coeval abrupt change in hydrological regime

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The Palaeocene/Eocene boundary section at Zumaia (Basque‐Cantabric Basin) revisited: new insights from high‐resolution magnetic susceptibility and carbon isotope chemostratigraphy on organic matter (δ¹³C_org)