The Pain Visual Analog Scale: Is It Linear or Nonlinear?

Myles, Paul S.; Troedel, Sally; Boquest, Michael; Reeves, Mark

doi:10.1097/00000539-199912000-00038

Cited by 126 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…By 1 week post-treatment, there were clinically (≥20/100 mm on the VAS) and statistically significantly differences in the pain scores of the calcitonin group compared with those in the control group. Various studies have investigated the minimum clinically significant change in patients' pain severity measured with a 10-cm VAS and found 1.3 cm as the cutoff [83,84]. This, along with the finding that all studies of acute pain of OVCF reported statistically significant results for the analgesic efficacy of calcitonin, suggests that these results are not due to chance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Calcitonin for treating acute and chronic pain of recent and remote osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2011

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Vertebral collapse is a common fracture associated with osteoporosis. Subsequent pain may be severe and often requires medications and bed rest. Several studies have suggested the use of calcitonin for the treatment of fracture pain. We sought to determine the analgesic efficacy of calcitonin for acute and chronic pain of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF). We searched for randomized, placebo, and controlled trials that evaluated the analgesic efficacy of calcitonin for pain attributable to OVCFs. We performed meta-analyses to calculate standardized mean differences (SMDs) using a fixed or random effects model. The combined results from 13 trials (n = 589) determined that calcitonin significantly reduced the severity of acute pain in recent OVCFs. Pain at rest was reduced by week 1 [mean difference (MD) = -3.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -4.02 to -2.76), with continued improvement through 4 weeks. At week 4, the difference in pain scores with mobility was even greater (SMD = -5.99, 95% CI = -6.78 to -5.19). For patients with chronic pain, there was no statistical difference between groups while at rest; there was a small, statistically significant difference between groups while mobile at 6 months (SMD = 0.49, 95% CI = -0.85 to -0.13, p = 0.008). Side effects were mild, with enteric disturbances and flushing reported most frequently. Although calcitonin has proven efficacy in the management of acute back pain associated with a recent OVCF, there is no convincing evidence to support the use of calcitonin for chronic pain associated with older fractures of the same origin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Calcitonin for treating acute and chronic pain of recent and remote osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2011

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“…The scores on the visual analogue pain scale (VAPS; which is a linear function calculation of pain intensity) [21] in the remifentanil-alone group were nearly twice those of the patients in the other groups. Remifentanil alone, therefore, provided notably inferior pain relief compared with epidural analgesia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of remifentanil or acetaminophen with epidural ropivacaine on body temperature during labor

et al. 2008

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“…Patients with knee OA indicated the pain in their afflicted knee using a visual analog scale (VAS) [36]. Body mass index (BMI) was computed for each participant.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pain relief in knee osteoarthritis reduces the propensity to trip on an obstacle

et al. 2007

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The Pain Visual Analog Scale: Is It Linear or Nonlinear?

Abstract: A change in the visual analog scale score represents a relative change in the magnitude of pain sensation. Use of the VAS in comparative analgesic trials can now meaningfully quantify differences in potency and efficacy.

Cited by 126 publications

References 13 publications

Calcitonin for treating acute and chronic pain of recent and remote osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Calcitonin for treating acute and chronic pain of recent and remote osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The effects of remifentanil or acetaminophen with epidural ropivacaine on body temperature during labor

Pain relief in knee osteoarthritis reduces the propensity to trip on an obstacle

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