The paddy, the vector and the caregiver: lessons from an ecosystem approach to irrigation and malaria in Northern Côte d’Ivoire

Plaen, Renaud De; Seka, Marie-Louise; Koutoua, Amalaman

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2003.09.018

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…2000). De Plaen et al. (2003, 2004) conducted a detailed study which examined how a shift to double rice cropping affected the complex interactions between factors which influence SES, such as wealth, gender roles, agricultural practices and exposure to malaria risk.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is malaria a disease of poverty? A review of the literature

Worrall

Basu

Hanson

2005

Tropical Med Int Health

222

202

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Summaryobjective To review the evidence on the link between malaria and poverty. methods Review of the published and grey literature to identify (i) the data available on the socio-economic distribution of malaria incidence and vulnerability, and (ii) the uptake of malaria control interventions.results We found mixed evidence on malaria incidence, with a number of studies identifying no relationship between socio-economic status and incidence, although a larger number of studies do find a link. There is strong evidence that uptake of preventive and treatment interventions is closely related to proxies for socio-economic status. More generally, the quality of the literature examining this issue is highly variable, with many different measures of socio-economic status and often inadequate descriptions of methods of data collection and analysis in relation to socio-economic status.conclusions Important socio-economic differentials exist in access to malaria interventions, increasing the vulnerability of the poorest. More information is needed about how other methods of delivering malaria treatment and prevention can redress these inequalities.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is malaria a disease of poverty? A review of the literature

Worrall

Basu

Hanson

2005

Tropical Med Int Health

222

202

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“…Successful malaria elimination therefore needs to expand on classic approaches, which mostly focus on environmental factors, malaria parasites, and vectors, and should also consider the social, economic, demographic, and accessrelated (e.g. access to health care) factors that shape the vulnerability of the population (De Plaen et al, 2004;Kienberger and Hagenlocher, 2014;Hagenlocher and Castro, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling homogeneous regions of social vulnerability to malaria in Rwanda

Bizimana¹,

Kienberger²,

Hagenlocher³

et al. 2016

Geospat Health

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Despite the decline in malaria incidence due to intense interventions, potentials for malaria transmission persist in Rwanda. To eradicate malaria in Rwanda, strategies need to expand beyond approaches that focus solely on malaria epidemiology and also consider the socioeconomic, demographic and biological/disease-related factors that determine the vulnerability of potentially exposed populations. This paper analyses current levels of social vulnerability to malaria in Rwanda by integrating a set of weighted vulnerability indicators. The paper uses regionalisation techniques as a spatially explicit approach for delineating homogeneous regions of social vulnerability to malaria. This overcomes the limitations of administrative boundaries for modelling the trans-boundary social vulnerability to malaria. The utilised approach revealed high levels of social vulnerability to malaria in the highland areas of Rwanda, as well as in remote areas where populations are more susceptible. Susceptibility may be due to the populations' lacking the capacity to anticipate mosquito bites, or lacking resilience to cope with or recover from malaria infection. By highlighting the most influential indicators of social vulnerability to malaria, the applied approach indicates which vulnerability domains need to be addressed, and where appropriate interventions are most required. Interventions to improve the socioeconomic development in highly vulnerable areas could prove highly effective, and provide sustainable outcomes against malaria in Rwanda. This would ultimately increase the resilience of the population and their capacity to better anticipate, cope with, and recover from possible infection. IntroductionDespite various interventions to reduce the burden of malaria, the disease persists in many countries of the developing world. In 2012 there were approximately 562,000 malaria deaths in Africa, despite a slow decline since 2004 (WHO, 2014. Malaria decrease in Sub-Saharan Africa was generally associated with intense interventions and reduced vector density due to changing rainfall patterns (Meyrowitsch et al., 2011). Although considerable progress has been made in many countries, the general malaria burden remains high, particularly in young children and pregnant women (Roll Back Malaria, 2005). The Plasmodium (P.) falciparum prevalence rates in Rwanda increased until the late 1990s and early 2000s, after which a marked decrease was noted (Stern et al., 2011). Since 2004, interventions to prevent and control malaria in Rwanda have resulted in a substantial decline in malaria transmission, particularly as a result of improved access to effective treatment, increased use of bed nets, and indoor residual spraying (Karema et al., 2012). However, malaria incidence increased again between 2011 and 2012, revealing the fragility of the gains achieved (WHO, 2013). The results of an entomological survey of more than 50% exophile entomological inoculation rate (EIR) around Kigali City is also an indicator of potential transmission ga...

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“…Its level of endemicity and burden depends mainly on the environmental and ecological factors of the area affected [ 2 , 3 ]. Irrigated schemes provide a suitable environment for mosquito breeding and malaria transmission which needs special consideration in terms of malaria control and intervention selection [ 4 – 6 ]. Additionally, the risk of malaria endemicity is determined by many factors including the area of residence (urban or rural) and the level of interventions coverage [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of malaria control interventions on malaria infection and anaemia in areas with irrigated schemes: a cross-sectional population-based study in Sudan

et al. 2021

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Background While the overall burden of malaria is still high, the global technical strategy for malaria advocates for two sets of interventions: vector control-based prevention and diagnosis and prompt effective treatment of malaria cases. This study aimed to assess the performance of malaria interventions on malaria infection and anaemia in irrigated areas in Sudan. Methods Based on the Sudan 2016 national malaria indicator survey, data for two states (Gezira and Sennar), characterized by large-irrigated schemes, were analysed. Four community-level malaria interventions were used as contextual variables: utilization of malaria diagnosis, utilization of Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), utilization of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and coverage with indoor residual spraying (IRS). Association between these interventions and two outcomes: malaria infection and anaemia, was assessed separately. Malaria infection was assessed in all age groups while anaemia was assessed in children under 5 years. Multilevel multiple logistic regression analysis were conducted. Results Among 4478 individuals involved in this study distributed over 47 clusters, the overall malaria infection rate was 3.0% and 56.5% of the children under 5 years (total = 322) were anaemic. Except for IRS coverage (69.6%), the average utilization of interventions was relatively low: 52.3% for utilization of diagnosis, 33.0% for utilization of ACTs and 18.6% for LLINs utilization. The multi-level multiple logistic regression model showed that only IRS coverage was associated with malaria infection (Odds ratio 0.83 per 10% coverage, 95%Confidence Interval (95%CI) 0.74–0.94, p = 0.003) indicating that a higher level of IRS coverage was associated with less malaria infection. Anaemia was not associated with any intervention (all p values larger than 0.1). Conclusions Malaria transmission in Gezira and Sennar areas is low. IRS, with insecticide to which vectors are susceptible, is an effective malaria control intervention in irrigated schemes. Community utilization of other interventions was not associated with malaria infection in this study. This may be due to the low utilization of these interventions. However, individual use of LLINs provide personal protection. This study failed to establish an association between anaemia and malaria control interventions in low transmission areas. The higher level of malaria infection in urban areas is a cause for concern.

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The paddy, the vector and the caregiver: lessons from an ecosystem approach to irrigation and malaria in Northern Côte d’Ivoire

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Is malaria a disease of poverty? A review of the literature

Is malaria a disease of poverty? A review of the literature

Modelling homogeneous regions of social vulnerability to malaria in Rwanda

Impact of malaria control interventions on malaria infection and anaemia in areas with irrigated schemes: a cross-sectional population-based study in Sudan

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