The Pacific Ocean Neutrino Experiment

Agostini, M.; Böhmer, M.; Bosma, Jeff; Clark, K.; Danninger, M.; Fruck, C.; Gernhäuser, R.; Gärtner, Andreas; Grant, D.; Henningsen, Felix; Holzapfel, Killian; Huber, Matthías; Jenkyns, Reyna; Krauss, C. B.; Krings, K.; Kopper, C.; Leismüller, Klaus; Leys, Sally P.; Macoun, P.; Meighen-Berger, Stephan; Michel, J.; Moore, R. W.; Morley, Mike; Padovani, P.; Pollmann, Thomas; Papp, L.; Pirenne, B.; Qiu, C.; Rea, Immacolata Carmen; Resconi, E.; Round, Adrian; Ruskey, Albert; Spannfellner, Christian; Traxler, M.; Turcati, A.; Yañez, J. P.

doi:10.1038/s41550-020-1182-4

Cited by 144 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…We use the effective area for muon neutrinos of the 10-year data set published by IceCube as a basis [3,9], which is optimized for point-source searches due to the good angular resolution of below 1 • . Rather than using the estimated effective areas published by the planned experiments, we employ a simplified strategy to estimate the effective area of PLE M: we assume that at each location of the four constituting detectors -IceCube, KM3Net [6], P-ONE [7] and Baikal-GVD [8] -there is a detector with IceCube's effective area. In order to model a contribution inspired by IceCube-Gen2 [5], we assume a detector at the South Pole with an effective area 7.5 times larger than that of IceCube .…”

Section: Ple M: a Planetary Neutrino Monitoring Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fortunately, a natural solution is within reach: In the next decades, multiple neutrino telescopes distributed across the globe will come online -IceCube-Gen2 [5], KM3Net [6], P-ONE [7] and Baikal-GVD [8] -greatly increasing the rate of neutrino detection, especially in the Southern Hemisphere. We propose the Planetary Neutrino Monitoring System (PLE M), a concept for a global repository of high-energy neutrino observations made by current and future neutrino telescopes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PLE$\nu$M: A global and distributed monitoring system of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos

Schumacher¹,

Huber²,

Agostini³

et al. 2021

Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2021)

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High-energy astrophysical neutrinos, discovered by IceCube, are now regularly observed, albeit at a low rate due to their low flux. As a result, open questions about high-energy neutrino astrophysics and particle physics remain limited by statistics at best, or unanswered at worst. Fortunately, this situation will improve soon: in the next few years, a host of new neutrino telescopes, currently under planning and construction, will come online. It is natural to combine their collected observing power: we propose the Planetary Neutrino Monitoring System (PLE M), a concept for a global repository of high-energy neutrino observations, in order to finally give firm answers to open questions. PLE M will reach up to four times the exposure available today by combining the exposures of current and future neutrino telescopes distributed around the world -IceCube, IceCube-Gen2, Baikal-GVD, KM3NeT, and P-ONE. Depending on the declination and spectral index, PLE M will improve the sensitivity to astrophysical neutrinos by up to two orders of magnitude. We present first estimates on the capability of PLE M to discover Galactic and extragalactic sources of astrophysical neutrinos and to characterize the diffuse flux of high-energy neutrinos in unprecedented detail.

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Section: Ple M: a Planetary Neutrino Monitoring Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PLE$\nu$M: A global and distributed monitoring system of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos

Schumacher¹,

Huber²,

Agostini³

et al. 2021

Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2021)

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“…In the NE Pacific, ∼300 km offshore Canada's British Columbia, a pathfinder project envisioning the installation of a full-scale neutrino telescope is underway 4 (Boehmer et al, 2019;Agostini et al, 2020). The first phase of the project has deployed an initial experiment, STRAW (STRings for Absorption length in Water) with the goal to establish baseline measurements of light attenuation, absorption and scattering at abyssal depths in the NE Pacific (Agostini et al, 2020). Two 150 m long mooring lines were deployed at 2,660 m depth in the Canadian abyssal plain (Cascadia Basin) and connected via ethernet cable with the NEPTUNE observatory (Figure 2).…”

Section: Capturing the Rhythmic Movements Of The Deep Scattering Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Diel Vertical Migrations of Bioluminescent Deep Scattering Layers Into Monitoring Programs

et al. 2021

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The deep sea (i.e., >200 m depth) is a highly dynamic environment where benthic ecosystems are functionally and ecologically connected with the overlying water column and the surface. In the aphotic deep sea, organisms rely on external signals to synchronize their biological clocks. Apart from responding to cyclic hydrodynamic patterns and periodic fluctuations of variables such as temperature, salinity, phytopigments, and oxygen concentration, the arrival of migrators at depth on a 24-h basis (described as Diel Vertical Migrations; DVMs), and from well-lit surface and shallower waters, could represent a major response to a solar-based synchronization between the photic and aphotic realms. In addition to triggering the rhythmic behavioral responses of benthic species, DVMs supply food to deep seafloor communities through the active downward transport of carbon and nutrients. Bioluminescent species of the migrating deep scattering layers play a not yet quantified (but likely important) role in the benthopelagic coupling, raising the need to integrate the efficient detection and quantification of bioluminescence into large-scale monitoring programs. Here, we provide evidence in support of the benefits for quantifying and continuously monitoring bioluminescence in the deep sea. In particular, we recommend the integration of bioluminescence studies into long-term monitoring programs facilitated by deep-sea neutrino telescopes, which offer photon counting capability. Their Photo-Multiplier Tubes and other advanced optical sensors installed in neutrino telescope infrastructures can boost the study of bioluminescent DVMs in concert with acoustic backscatter and video imagery from ultra-low-light cameras. Such integration will enhance our ability to monitor proxies for the mass and energy transfer from the upper ocean into the deep-sea Benthic Boundary Layer (BBL), a key feature of the ocean biological pump and crucial for monitoring the effects of climate-change. In addition, it will allow for investigating the role of deep scattering DVMs in the behavioral responses, abundance and structure of deep-sea benthic communities. The proposed approach may represent a new frontier for the study and discovery of new, taxon-specific bioluminescence capabilities. It will thus help to expand our knowledge of poorly described deep-sea biodiversity inventories and further elucidate the connectivity between pelagic and benthic compartments in the deep-sea.

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“…The neutrino experiments in this next generation are; IceCube Upgrade [3], IceCube-Gen 2 [4], Baikal-GVD [5], P-ONE [6] and KM3NeT [7]. The choice made is Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%