The Pacific Identity and Wellbeing Scale-Revised (PIWBS-R).

Abstract

We develop and validate a revised version of the Pacific Identity and Wellbeing Scale (the PIWBS-R). This revision extends the original 5-factor PIWBS model to include a sixth subscale assessing Cultural Efficacy (CE). The definition and item content for CE was based on a synthesis of research on self-efficacy and Pacific cultural capital. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (N = 919) supported the revised 6-factor PIWBS-R model. Validation analyses using a sample subset indicated that the PIWBS-R subscales predicted distinct criterion outcomes (Ns = 452-522). CE uniquely predicted self-reported Church Attendance, travel to the Pacific Islands, confidence in speaking Pacific heritage language, and satisfaction with health. Critically, Pacific Connectedness and Belonging and Perceived Societal Wellbeing predicted a lower likelihood of having been diagnosed with diabetes. These findings highlight the potential of the PIWBS-R model for research assessing the protective function of certain aspects of Pacific identity on health-related outcomes. A copy of the PIWBS-R, scale psychometrics, and construct definitions are provided.

A Scoping Review of Nature, Land, and Environmental Connectedness and Relatedness

“…One study did not report the ages of participants, and instead, the authors classified participants as elders [ 22 ]. Seven of the studies included adolescents or pre-adolescents in their final sample [ 21 , 23 , 24 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 ], while three studies only included adults over the age of 18 [ 22 , 87 , 88 ]. The cultural and spiritual scales took place in seven different regions or countries, including Alaska [ 23 ], Hawai‘i [ 24 ], New Zealand [ 85 , 87 ], Australia [ 22 ], Canada [ 21 , 84 ], Muslim countries [ 88 ], and the Netherlands [ 86 ].…”

“…For all seven studies, increased cultural and spiritual connections, including connection to nature or the land, were associated with favorable outcomes. For instance, increased cultural and spiritual connectedness was found to be positively associated with increased connections with oneself [ 21 , 23 ], with one’s culture and cultural values or beliefs [ 24 , 87 ], and with school [ 21 ], the environment, and others [ 86 ]. Increased connections to culture and spirituality with a nature, land, or environment component was also associated with increased well-being and general life satisfaction [ 21 , 84 ].…”

“…The majority of these scales were also validated with youth or young adults. Articles that focused on culturally based scales described the importance of interconnectedness, not only with land but also with other dimensions, including connections with family, cultural traditions, and cultural practices, while fostering one’s ability to articulate one’s connectedness to culture [ 21 , 22 , 84 , 87 ]. Studies that reported on culturally based scales have implications for cultural connectedness at large, including land connectedness as a mechanism for addressing the significant health disparities that continue to persist today amongst Indigenous peoples.…”

The Diversity Intelligent Servant Leader: Developing Leaders to Meet the Needs of a Diverse Workforce

“…Established in the literature is the link between diversity and well-being and includes empirical research that connects workplace gender inequities, positive climate, and well-being; pacific identity and well-being; and less discrimination and more citizen well-being in Europe. The role of ethnic identity and subjective wellbeing were explored in theory (Alnaji, Askari, & El Refae, 2016;Kennedy & Cummins, 2007;Manuela & Sibley, 2014;Miner-Rubino, Settles, & Stewart, 2009). Therefore, I advance based on empirical and theoretical support, Proposition 4: Diversity intelligence is an antecedent to the well-being component of compassionate love servant leadership.…”

Indicator culture in sport for development and peace: a transnational analysis of governance networks

“…One such tool is a validated quantitative instrument to more holistically assess the wellbeing of Pacific peoples. 65 Incorporating it would require little adaptation for development contexts and balance desires for metrics and culturally appropriate measures. Further, doing so creates possibilities for its repeated interaction in and across governance networks, which can foster a wider valuing of these knowledges.…”