The Ozonation of Natural Waters: Product Identification

Adsorption of fluoride, chloride, bromide, and bromate ions on a novel ion exchanger

“…Sorption capacity then decreased slowly and reached a small, second peak at pH 9. Sorption of bromate ions was approximately equal through the whole pH interval investigated (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10), with some small maxima at pH 3 and 9-10. This anion has another mechanism of sorption (confirmed by isotherms, see Fig.…”

“…Chlorination is a cornerstone of water treatment that produces potential carcinogens, such as the trihalomethanes, as disinfection byproducts (DPBs). Ozonation is one of the most promising alternatives to chlorination because it avoids the formation of dangerous DPBs and, in addition, is very effective in removing pesticides and other hazardous water components [7]. However, despite the advantages of ozonation, the main dis- advantage is formation of bromate ions.…”

Disinfection by-product formation and mutagenic assay caused by preozonation of groundwater containing bromide

“…Siddiqui and Amy (1993) demonstrated that ozonation directly resulted in formation of CHBr 3 by oxidizing Br − to HOBr-OBr − in the presence of CHBr 3 precursors. Bromoform is only one identifiable brominated organic DBP, which includes bromoacetic acids, bromopicrins, bromoacetonitriles (BAN), bromoacetones, bromohydrins, bromoketones, and bromoalkanes (Lawrence et al 1980;Richardson et al 1999;von Gunten 2003b), as well as ill-defined brominated organic DBPs. Although data on the health effects of many of these compounds are unavailable, concern exists because brominated compounds are more toxic than their chlorinated analogues.…”

Health Risk Assessment for Bromate (BrO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>) Traces in Ozonated Indian Bottled Water

“…Since then, alternative disinfection methods that minimize the production of toxic by-products have been investigated. Ozonation has emerged as one of the most promising alternatives to chlorination [1]. Although ozonation is already an established method of water purification in the water industry, it suffers from a major problem which is attracting increasing concern, namely the formation of bromate ions due to oxidation of bromide ion.…”