The oxidative potential of PM2.5 exposures from indoor and outdoor sources in rural China

Secrest, Matthew H.; Schauer, James J.; Carter, Ellison M.; Lai, Alexandra; Wang, Yuqin; Shan, Ming; Yang, Xudong; Zhang, Yuanxun; Baumgartner, Jill

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.231

Cited by 62 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Mean 24‐hour personal exposures to EC ranged from 3.2±1.6 μg m −3 among Ghanaian women cooking with charcoal to 10.3±6.8 μg m −3 among northern Chinese women cooking with biomass and heating with coal (Figure ). The weighted mean value for 24‐hour personal exposures to EC was 5.6±4.0 μg m −3 (n=6 studies), which is comparable to average yearly EC concentrations in urban Beijing (5.2±3.7 μg m −3 ), lower than in‐traffic exposures in New Delhi (14±6.3 μg m −3 ) and much higher than ambient levels in London (1.5 μg m −3 ) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate matter chemical component concentrations and sources in settings of household solid fuel use

et al. 2017

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Particulate matter (PM) air pollution derives from combustion and non-combustion sources and consists of various chemical species that may differentially impact human health and climate. Previous reviews of PM chemical component concentrations and sources focus on high-income urban settings, which likely differ from the low- and middle-income settings where solid fuel (ie, coal, biomass) is commonly burned for cooking and heating. We aimed to summarize the concentrations of PM chemical components and their contributing sources in settings where solid fuel is burned. We searched the literature for studies that reported PM component concentrations from homes, personal exposures, and direct stove emissions under uncontrolled, real-world conditions. We calculated weighted mean daily concentrations for select PM components and compared sources of PM determined by source apportionment. Our search criteria yielded 48 studies conducted in 12 countries. Weighted mean daily cooking area concentrations of elemental carbon, organic carbon, and benzo(a)pyrene were 18.8 μg m , 74.0 μg m , and 155 ng m , respectively. Solid fuel combustion explained 29%-48% of principal component/factor analysis variance and 41%-87% of PM mass determined by positive matrix factorization. Multiple indoor and outdoor sources impacted PM concentrations and composition in these settings, including solid fuel burning, mobile emissions, dust, and solid waste burning.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate matter chemical component concentrations and sources in settings of household solid fuel use

et al. 2017

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“…These results are consistent with the Lijiang study, which found that the individual daily PM 2.5 exposure concentration when LPG and electric stoves were used was 91 μg/m 3 , but when biomass fuel was used, it was 119 μg/m 3 . Other studies have also found that using biomass fuel for cooking increased PM 2.5 concentrations and that the use of cleaner fuels like natural gas and electricity did less harm to human health …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The exposure concentration exposure concentration when LPG and electric stoves were used was 91 μg/m 3 , but when biomass fuel was used, it was 119 μg/ m 3 . Other studies [17][18][19]25,47 have also found that using biomass fuel for cooking increased PM 2.5 concentrations and that the use of cleaner fuels like natural gas and electricity did less harm to human health. 55 Figure 5 shows the rural PM 2.5 exposure levels of smokers, passive smokers, and people who were not exposed to tobacco smoke (also listed in Table S3).…”

Section: Daily Average Personal Pm 25 Exposure Levelsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…These fuels have low burning efficiency, and their use results in heavy household air pollution . This especially affects women, who do the majority of cooking in most households . A growing body of evidence suggests that high daily average PM 2.5 concentrations in homes using household solid fuel, reaching up to about 2000 μg/m 3 in the kitchen, are determined by the properties of the fuel used, stove type used, cooking style, house ventilation, geographical area, and season .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[10][11][12][13][14][15] This especially affects women, who do the majority of cooking in most households. [16][17][18] A growing body of evidence suggests that high daily average PM 2.5 concentrations in homes using household solid fuel, reaching up to about 2000 μg/m 3 in the kitchen, 11,19 are determined by the properties of the fuel used, stove type used, cooking style, house ventilation, geographical area, and season. 11,16,17,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] Other activities may also lead to greater PM 2.5 exposure and ill health effects for rural people, 33,34 for example, smoking.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Personal exposure to PM _2.5 in Chinese rural households in the Yangtze River Delta

Aunan

Zhao

et al. 2019

Indoor Air

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High levels of PM2.5 exposure and associated health risks are of great concern in rural China. For this study, we used portable PM2.5 monitors for monitoring concentrations online, recorded personal time‐activity patterns, and analyzed the contribution from different microenvironments in rural areas of the Yangtze River Delta, China. The daily exposure levels of rural participants were 66 μg/m3 (SD 40) in winter and 65 μg/m3 (SD 16) in summer. Indoor exposure levels were usually higher than outdoor levels. The exposure levels during cooking in rural kitchens were 140 μg/m3 (SD 116) in winter and 121 μg/m3 (SD 70) in summer, the highest in all microenvironments. Winter and summer values were 252 μg/m3 (SD 103) and 204 μg/m3 (SD 105), respectively, for rural people using biomass for fuel, much higher than those for rural people using LPG and electricity. By combining PM2.5concentrations and time spent in different microenvironments, we found that 92% (winter) and 85% (summer) of personal exposure to PM2.5in rural areas was attributable to indoor microenvironments, of which kitchens accounted for 24% and 27%, respectively. Consequently, more effective policies and measures are needed to replace biomass fuel with LPG or electricity, which would benefit the health of the rural population in China.

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Adverse effects of ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) on vascular smooth muscle cells

Ming

Liu

et al. 2022

J of Applied Toxicology

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Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Meanwhile, environment air pollution has become a serious health risk factor, contributing to the mortality of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. A substantial body of evidence has shown that many types of vascular diseases are related to air pollution. The physiology and pathophysiology of the three layers of vascular vessels, especially the inner and medial layer, contribute to the process of vascular diseases. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the predominant cells in the medial layer, and several studies have indicated that air pollution has an adverse effect on VSMCs. There are numerous sources of air pollution across the world, and the components of air pollutants are a complex mixture of gaseous pollutants and particulate matter. Among these air pollutants, particulate matter (PM)2.5 presents the highest risk factor leading to global mortality from cardiovascular disease and disability. In this review, we primarily focus on the impacts of PM2.5 exposure on VSMCs. We further discuss the correlation between exposure to PM2.5 and other vascular diseases and present potential protective and treatment strategies to decrease vascular mortality related to air pollution.

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The oxidative potential of PM2.5 exposures from indoor and outdoor sources in rural China

Cited by 62 publications

References 50 publications

Particulate matter chemical component concentrations and sources in settings of household solid fuel use

Particulate matter chemical component concentrations and sources in settings of household solid fuel use

Personal exposure to PM _2.5 in Chinese rural households in the Yangtze River Delta

Adverse effects of ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) on vascular smooth muscle cells

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The oxidative potential of PM2.5 exposures from indoor and outdoor sources in rural China

Cited by 62 publications

References 50 publications

Particulate matter chemical component concentrations and sources in settings of household solid fuel use

Particulate matter chemical component concentrations and sources in settings of household solid fuel use

Personal exposure to PM 2.5 in Chinese rural households in the Yangtze River Delta

Adverse effects of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on vascular smooth muscle cells

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Product

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Personal exposure to PM _2.5 in Chinese rural households in the Yangtze River Delta

Adverse effects of ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) on vascular smooth muscle cells