The Oxidative Cost of Reproduction: Theoretical Questions and Alternative Mechanisms

Alonso‐Álvarez, Carlos; Canelo, Tara; Romero-Haro, Ana A.

doi:10.1093/biosci/biw176

Cited by 38 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Ovaries contain rapidly dividing cells that typically contain higher numbers of mitochondria than somatic cells (Cree et al., ) and as ROS generation occurs primarily in mitochondria (Finkel & Holbrook, ), we may expect ovaries to generate greater amounts of ROS than somatic tissue. A direct link between metabolic rate and ROS levels remains controversial (Alonso‐Alvarez, Canelo, & Romero‐Haro, ; Salin et al., ), nonetheless, extra‐mitochondrial ROS production, for example from NOX in reproductive tissues (Alonso‐Alvarez et al., ; Ritsick et al., ) could also lead to discernible differences between tissues under ALAN conditions. Variation in these two ROS generators could also explain the age‐specific differences in ROS levels in both heads and ovaries between age cohorts (higher ROS levels in the Day 6 cohort compared to the Day 36 cohort).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dim artificial light at night affects mating, reproductive output, and reactive oxygen species in Drosophila melanogaster

et al. 2018

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Humans are lighting the night-time environment with ever increasing extent and intensity, resulting in a variety of negative ecological effects in individuals and populations. Effects of light at night on reproductive fitness traits are demonstrated across taxa however, the mechanisms underlying these effects are largely untested. One possible mechanism is that light at night may result in perturbed reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress levels. Here, we reared Drosophila melanogaster under either dim (10 lx) light or no light (0 lx) at night for three generations and then compared mating and lifetime oviposition patterns. In a second experiment, we explored whether exposure to light at night treatments resulted in variation in ROS levels in the heads and ovaries of six, 23- and 36-day-old females. We demonstrate that dim light at night affects mating and reproductive output: 10 lx flies courted for longer prior to mating, and female oviposition patterns differed to 0 lx females. ROS levels were lower in the ovaries but not heads, of 10 lx compared with 0 lx females. We suggest that reduced ROS levels may reflect changes in ovarian physiology and cell signaling, which may be related to the differences observed in oviposition patterns. Taken together, our results indicate negative consequences for invertebrates under more stressful, urban, lit conditions and further investigation into the mechanisms driving these changes is warranted to manage invertebrate communities in a brighter future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dim artificial light at night affects mating, reproductive output, and reactive oxygen species in Drosophila melanogaster

et al. 2018

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“…The “oxidative cost of reproduction” theory, for example, states that in order to reproduce, an organism must “pay” a price in terms of oxidative stress, reducing its lifespan. This might not be entirely correct, as a longer fertility window seems to extend the lifespan of the individuals in certain instances, rather than accelerate its aging [ 98 ].…”

Section: Mitochondria Oxidative Stress and Aging In Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This imbalance could appear naturally by different factors, such as aging and lifestyle. In addition, we need to take into account its participation in the evolutionary theory about the oxidative costs of reproduction mentioned before [ 98 , 106 , 107 ].…”

Section: Mitochondrial Os Testing In Art Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two hypotheses have been formulated to explain those findings, a direct implication of metabolic rates in ROS production by mitochondria [ 110 ] and, on the contrary, reproductive-ROS production could be independent of the mitochondrial ROS increase [ 98 ]. In that sense, we need to take into account that diverse endogenous sources of ROS exist in eukaryotic cells, including mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and extramitochondrial enzymes (NOX) [ 111 ], imposing different OS costs.…”

Section: Mitochondrial Os Testing In Art Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxidative Stress in Reproduction: A Mitochondrial Perspective

Almansa-Ordonez¹,

Bellido

Vassena³

et al. 2020

Biology

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Mitochondria are fundamental organelles in eukaryotic cells that provide ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. During this process, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced, and an imbalance in their concentrations can induce oxidative stress (OS), causing cellular damage. However, mitochondria and ROS play also an important role in cellular homeostasis through a variety of other signaling pathways not related to metabolic rates, highlighting the physiological relevance of mitochondria–ROS interactions. In reproduction, mitochondria follow a peculiar pattern of activation, especially in gametes, where they are relatively inactive during the initial phases of development, and become more active towards the final maturation stages. The reasons for the lower metabolic rates are attributed to the evolutionary advantage of keeping ROS levels low, thus avoiding cellular damage and apoptosis. In this review, we provide an overview on the interplay between mitochondrial metabolism and ROS during gametogenesis and embryogenesis, and how OS can influence these physiological processes. We also present the possible effects of assisted reproduction procedures on the levels of OS, and the latest techniques developed to select gametes and embryos based on their redox state. Finally, we evaluate the treatments developed to manage OS in assisted reproduction to improve the chances of pregnancy.

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“…A successful reproductive strategy is not without cost; evolutionary life history predicts that the energy invested in reproduction is traded off against investments in maintenance and survival. Thus, having more offspring is associated with the aging process, which may potentially shape other life-history traits [ 3 ]. From an evolutionary perspective, this cost has to result in a lower contribution to the gene pool of the next generation, as a consequence of reduced longevity and reduced reproductive success.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive Investment and Health Costs in Roma Women

Čvorović

Coe

2017

IJERPH

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In this paper, we examine whether variation in reproductive investment affects the health of Roma women using a dataset collected through original anthropological fieldwork among Roma women in Serbia. Data were collected in 2014–2016 in several Roma semi-urban settlements in central Serbia. The sample consisted of 468 Roma women, averaging 44 years of age. We collected demographic data (age, school levels, socioeconomic status), risk behaviors (smoking and alcohol consumption), marital status, and reproductive history variables (the timing of reproduction, the intensity of reproduction, reproductive effort and investment after birth), in addition to self-reported health, height, and weight. Data analyses showed that somatic, short-term costs of reproduction were revealed in this population, while evolutionary, long-term costs were unobservable—contrariwise, Roma women in poor health contributed more to the gene pool of the next generation than their healthy counterparts. Our findings appear to be consistent with simple trade-off models that suggest inverse relationships between reproductive effort and health. Thus, personal sacrifice—poor health as an outcome—seems crucial for greater reproductive success.

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The Oxidative Cost of Reproduction: Theoretical Questions and Alternative Mechanisms

Cited by 38 publications

References 82 publications

Dim artificial light at night affects mating, reproductive output, and reactive oxygen species in Drosophila melanogaster

Dim artificial light at night affects mating, reproductive output, and reactive oxygen species in Drosophila melanogaster

Oxidative Stress in Reproduction: A Mitochondrial Perspective

Reproductive Investment and Health Costs in Roma Women

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