The oxidative and neurotoxic potentials of the ambient PM2.5 extracts: The efficient multi-solvent extraction method

Khoshkam, Zahra; Habibi-Rezaei, Mehran; Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh; Aftabi, Younes; Seyedrezazadeh, Ensiyeh; Amiri‐Sadeghan, Amir; Zarredar, Habib; Roshangar, Leila; Gholampour, Akbar; Moosavi-Movahedi, Aliakbar

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152291

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 44 publications

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“…To determine the content of PPD-quinones and DTT activity of each PM 2.5 sample, a multisolvent extraction method was adopted to achieve more representative OP values through a higher extraction efficiency, a decreased number of artifacts, and compositional biases . Generally, a part of the quartz filter (area range of 20–25 cm 2 ) was cut into pieces, spiked with 50 ng of surrogate standards, and successively extracted using dichloromethane, acetonitrile, and deionized water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

p-Phenylenediamine-Derived Quinones as New Contributors to the Oxidative Potential of Fine Particulate Matter

Wang

Cao

Zhang

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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Atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) has been linked to multiple adverse outcomes, where redox-active species-induced oxidative stress is recognized as an important driver of its biotoxicity. Previous studies have proven that the oxidative potential (OP) is a relevant metric for specific acute PM 2.5 health effects and is associated with various toxicants, especially organic quinones. However, discrepancies between OP induced by the known components and its total levels caused by PM 2.5 remain. Here, we investigated the OP values of a suite of emerging contaminants, five p-phenylenediamine-derived quinones (PPD-quinones), in PM 2.5 using the acellular dithiothreitol (DTT) assay and evaluated their contributions to the total PM 2.5 -induced OP in five megacities in China. N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-Q), a highly toxic quinone responsible for "urban runoff mortality syndrome", was found to exhibit moderate OP with a DTT consumption rate of 1.70 μM min −1 μM −1 . Meanwhile, it is noteworthy that the estimated OP contribution of the five PPD-quinones was 2.9 ± 2.7% of the total PM 2.5 -induced OP. This is the first study that reveals a considerable OP induced by the emerging PPD-quinones in urban PM 2.5 . The data improve our understanding of the toxicity of both PM 2.5 and PPD-quinones, which is illuminating for further assessment of the environmental risk they pose.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

p-Phenylenediamine-Derived Quinones as New Contributors to the Oxidative Potential of Fine Particulate Matter

Wang

Cao

Zhang

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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Comparison between oxidative potentials measured of water-soluble components in ambient air PM1 and PM2.5 of Tehran, Iran

Khoshnamvand

Nodehi

Hassanvand

et al. 2023

Air Qual Atmos Health

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Ascorbate oxidation driven by PM2.5-bound metal(loid)s extracted in an acidic simulated lung fluid in relation to their bioaccessibility

Expósito,

Markiv,

Santibáñez

et al. 2023

Air Qual Atmos Health

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The oxidative potential (OP) is defined as the ability of inhaled PM components to catalytically/non-catalytically generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and deplete lung antioxidants. Although several studies have measured the OP of particulate matter (PM OP) soluble components using different antioxidants under neutral pH conditions, few studies have measured PM OP with acidic lung fluids. This study provides new insights into the use of acidic rather than neutral fluids in OP assays. Thus, the first aim of this study was to clarify the effect of using an acidic lung fluid on ascorbic acid (AA) depletion. This was achieved by measuring the oxidative potential (OP-AA) of individual compounds known to catalyze the AA oxidation (CuSO4, CuCl2, and 1,4-NQ) in artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF, pH 4.5), a commonly used acidic simulated lung fluid, and in a neutral fluid (phosphate-buffered saline (PBS1x), pH 7.4). Our results from these individual compounds showed a significant decrease of OP-AA in the acidic fluid (ALF) with respect to the neutral fluid (PBS). Then, the second aim of this work was to investigate whether the OP-AA assay could be applied to PM2.5 samples extracted in acidic conditions. For this purpose, OP-AA and bioaccessible concentrations of metal(loid)s (V, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Cd, Sb, and Pb) of PM2.5 samples collected in an urban-industrial area that were extracted in ALF were analyzed. The mean volume-normalized OP (OP-AAv) value was 0.10 ± 0.07 nmol min−1 m−3, clearly lower than the values found in the literature at neutral pH. OP-AAv values were highly correlated with the ALF-bioaccessible concentration of most of the studied metal(loid)s, mainly with Cu and Fe.

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The oxidative and neurotoxic potentials of the ambient PM2.5 extracts: The efficient multi-solvent extraction method

Cited by 3 publications

References 44 publications

p-Phenylenediamine-Derived Quinones as New Contributors to the Oxidative Potential of Fine Particulate Matter

p-Phenylenediamine-Derived Quinones as New Contributors to the Oxidative Potential of Fine Particulate Matter

Comparison between oxidative potentials measured of water-soluble components in ambient air PM1 and PM2.5 of Tehran, Iran

Ascorbate oxidation driven by PM2.5-bound metal(loid)s extracted in an acidic simulated lung fluid in relation to their bioaccessibility

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