“…All the simulations presented in this section were conducted using a transient, homogeneous, isothermal, and constant-pressure model, and the end time was set to be long enough to eliminate the influence of the end time based on the work of Metcalfe et al [80]. In the simulation, the carbon and equivalence ratio content are consistent with those in the experiments [16,32,88].…”
Section: Validation Of Primary Species Concentrations In Jet-stirred mentioning
confidence: 94%
“…This process is repeated until the final surrogate model shows the best agreement with the tested diesel fuel in C/H ratio, aromatic fraction and lower heating value. As listed in Table 1, surrogate A was generated with the major properties being close to a typical US #2 diesel with a C/H ratio of 6.83 by weight [31], while surrogate B was developed by matching the component compositions in a synthetic diesel fuel with a C/H ratio of 6.20 by weight [32].…”
“…All the simulations presented in this section were conducted using a transient, homogeneous, isothermal, and constant-pressure model, and the end time was set to be long enough to eliminate the influence of the end time based on the work of Metcalfe et al [80]. In the simulation, the carbon and equivalence ratio content are consistent with those in the experiments [16,32,88].…”
Section: Validation Of Primary Species Concentrations In Jet-stirred mentioning
confidence: 94%
“…This process is repeated until the final surrogate model shows the best agreement with the tested diesel fuel in C/H ratio, aromatic fraction and lower heating value. As listed in Table 1, surrogate A was generated with the major properties being close to a typical US #2 diesel with a C/H ratio of 6.83 by weight [31], while surrogate B was developed by matching the component compositions in a synthetic diesel fuel with a C/H ratio of 6.20 by weight [32].…”
“…Mati et al [99] compared computed results of a five component mixture model with experimental measurements using a blended, synthetic diesel fuel in a jet stirred reactor (JSR) (T= 800-1400K, = 0.5 -2, P = 1 and 10 atm). In the experiments, gas samples were extracted from the JSR with a fused silica probe and analyzed online and offline by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector and mass spectrometry.…”
There has been much recent progress in the area of surrogate fuels for diesel. In the last few years, experiments and modeling have been performed on higher molecular weight components of relevance to diesel fuel such as n-hexadecane (n-cetane) and 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (iso-cetane). Chemical kinetic models have been developed for all the n-alkanes up to 16 carbon atoms. Also, there has been much experimental and modeling work on lower molecular weight surrogate components such as n-decane and n-dodecane that are most relevant to jet fuel surrogates, but are also relevant to diesel surrogates where simulation of the full boiling point range is desired. For two-ring compounds, experimental work on decalin and tetralin recently has been published. For multi-component surrogate fuel mixtures, recent work on modeling of these mixtures and comparisons to real diesel fuel is reviewed. Detailed chemical kinetic models for surrogate fuels are very large in size. Significant progress also has been made in improving the mechanism reduction tools that are needed to make these large models practicable in multidimensional reacting flow simulations of diesel combustion. Nevertheless, major research gaps remain. In the case of iso-alkanes, there are experiments and modeling work on only one of relevance to diesel: iso-cetane. Also, the iso-alkanes in diesel are lightly branched and no detailed chemical kinetic models or experimental investigations are available for such compounds. More components are needed to fill out the iso-alkane boiling point range. For the aromatic class of compounds, there has been no new work for compounds in the boiling point range of diesel. Most of the new work has been on alkyl aromatics that are of the range C7 to C8, below the C10 to C20 range that is needed. For the chemical class of cycloalkanes, experiments and modeling on higher molecular weight components are warranted. Finally for multi-component surrogates needed to treat real diesel, the inclusion of higher molecular weight components is needed in models and experimental investigations.
“…Despite the rigorous efforts of the combustion community to effectively describe the detailed oxidation kinetics of Diesel oil-which is essentially a mixture of complex hydrocarbon componentsby using a variety of surrogate fuels [44,45], a general consensus has not yet been achieved. Hence, n-heptane has been used in this work as a simple "surrogate fuel" to describe Diesel oil's chemical and physical properties.…”
The major objective of this work is to numerically investigate the interacting physical and chemical phenomena that characterize the flow in a stabilized cool flame diesel fuel spray evaporation system. A two-phase RANS computational fluid dynamics code has been developed and used to predict the characteristics of the developing turbulent, multiphase, multi-component, reactive flow-field. The code employs a Eulerian-Lagrangian approach, taking into account the mass, momentum, thermal and turbulent energy exchange between the phases. A variety of physical phenomena, such as turbulent dispersion, droplet evaporation, droplet-wall collision, conjugate heat transfer, drift correction, two-way coupling are taken into account by implementing respective sub-models. Two alternative modelling approaches for the simulation of cool flame reactions have been validated and evaluated by comparing numerical predictions with experimental data from two atmospheric pressure, evaporating Diesel spray, Stabilized Cool Flame reactors. Both models have achieved good quantitative agreement in the majority of the considered test cases. The results have been used to estimate the local physical and chemical characteristic time scales of the occurring phenomena, thus allowing, for the first time, the classification of stabilized cool flames.
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