The ovine mammary gland as an experimental model to determine the virulence of animal ureaplasmas

Ball, H.J.; Mackie, D.P.

doi:10.1017/s0022172400062793

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Ureaplasma diversum has been reported to infect the respiratory and genital tracts of cattle and cause a myriad of reproductive alterations, including granular vulvovaginitis, endometritis, salpingitis, infertility, abortion, and changes in spermatozoa morphology ( Marques et al, 2011 ; Hobson et al, 2013 ). Despite these reports, studies on the relationship of U. diversum and bovine reproductive disorders have been regarded controversial mainly due its finding in healthy animals ( Taylor-Robinson et al, 1967 ; Howard et al, 1973 ; Ball and Mackie, 1985 ; Buzinhani et al, 2007b ; Marques et al, 2011 ). Nevertheless, the process that leads to infertility or pregnancy failures in U. diversum infected cows is believed to occur due to the pathogen’s damage to the oocyte, uterus and epithelium of the oviduct, which may interfere with the embryo development and possibly lead to embryonic death ( Doig et al, 1980 ; Britton et al, 1987 ; Lewandowska-Sabat et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ureaplasma diversum and Its Membrane-Associated Lipoproteins Activate Inflammatory Genes Through the NF-κB Pathway via Toll-Like Receptor 4

et al. 2018

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Objectives: Ureaplasma diversum is a pathogen of cows that may cause intense inflammatory responses in the reproductive tract and interfere with bovine reproduction. The aims of this study were to evaluate the immune response of bovine blastocysts and macrophages to U. diversum infection and to evaluate the invasion capacity of this microorganism in bovine blastocysts.Methods: Viable and heat-inactivated U. diversum strains ATCC 49782 and CI-GOTA and their extracted membrane lipoproteins were inoculated in macrophages in the presence or absence of signaling blockers of Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 4, TLR2/4, and Nuclear Factor KB (NF-κB). In addition, the same viable U. diversum strains were used to infect bovine blastocysts. RNA was extracted from infected and lipoprotein-exposed macrophages and infected blastocysts and assayed by qPCR to evaluate the expression of Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α), TLR2 and TLR4 genes. U. diversum internalization in blastocysts was followed by confocal microscopy.Results: Both Ureaplasma strains and different concentrations of extracted lipoproteins induced a higher gene expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, TLR2, and TLR4 in macrophages (p < 0.05) when compared to non-infected cells. The used blockers inhibited the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in all treatments. Moreover, U. diversum was able to internalize within blastocysts and induce a higher gene expression of IL-1b and TNF- α when compared to non-infected blastocysts (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The obtained results strongly suggest that U. diversum and its lipoproteins interact with TLR4 in a signaling pathway acting via NF-kB signaling to stimulate the inflammatory response. This is the first study to evaluate the in vitro immunological response of macrophages and bovine blastocysts against U. diversum. These results may contribute to a better understanding of the immunomodulatory activity and pathogenicity of this infectious agent.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ureaplasma diversum and Its Membrane-Associated Lipoproteins Activate Inflammatory Genes Through the NF-κB Pathway via Toll-Like Receptor 4

et al. 2018

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“…As well as M. californicum, these include bovine ureaplasma (Ball & Mackie, 1985), M. canadense ) and M. bovigenitalium (unpublished results). There are economic advantages to using the ewe as opposed to the cow as an experimental model.…”

Section: Antibiotic Assaymentioning

confidence: 83%

Mycoplasma californicummastitis in ewes as an experimental model for antibiotic treatment

1987

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SUMMARYA strain of Mycoplasma californicum successfully infected an experimentally inoculated ovine mammary gland causing a severe mastitis. The condition lasted for about 25 days, and resulted in atrophy and loss of milk production in the gland. Four experimentally infected ewes, treated over a 3-day period with various regimes of the antibiotics oxytetracycline or tylosin during the acute stage of infection, successfully eliminated the infection. Two others similarly treated with combined intramammary and intramuscular tiamulin or with intramammary Bay Vp2674, did not eliminate the infection; but another ewe treated with intramuscular as well as intramammary Bay Vp2674, did resolve the infection. The two ewes that were unsuccessfully treated with antibiotics at the acute stage did respond to tylosin or oxytetracycline at a later stage of infection. Measurement of antibiotic concentrations demonstrated that the persistence of inhibitory levels in the milk varied between the antibiotics and were influenced by the extent of parenteral treatment.

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“…Experimental infection with U. diversum strains inoculated in the mammary gland of sheep and cattle indicated variable virulence among the studied strains. This justified the belief that the ureaplasma found in healthy animals does not cause disease (Ball and Mackie, 1985;Howard et al, 1973). Nevertheless, little is known about the virulence and pathogenic mechanisms of this mollicute, including its capsule, toxins and adherence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A quantitative TaqMan PCR assay for the detection of Ureaplasma diversum

Marques

Amorim

Martins

et al. 2013

Veterinary Microbiology

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The ovine mammary gland as an experimental model to determine the virulence of animal ureaplasmas

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

Ureaplasma diversum and Its Membrane-Associated Lipoproteins Activate Inflammatory Genes Through the NF-κB Pathway via Toll-Like Receptor 4

Ureaplasma diversum and Its Membrane-Associated Lipoproteins Activate Inflammatory Genes Through the NF-κB Pathway via Toll-Like Receptor 4

Mycoplasma californicummastitis in ewes as an experimental model for antibiotic treatment

A quantitative TaqMan PCR assay for the detection of Ureaplasma diversum

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