The Overweight and Obesity Role in the Occurrence of Chemotherapy-Induced Hepatotoxic Reactions in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Abstract

The aim: To investigate the frequency of development and nature of cytostatic-induced hepatotoxic reactions in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with overweight and obesity during remission induction сhemotherapy (CT). Materials and methods: We examined 25 patients with newly diagnosed acute leukemia (AL), of which 56% (14/25) were men, 44% (11/25) were women. Depending on the body mass index (BMI), patients were divided into groups: I (n=10) – patients with AML and BMI of 18.5-24.9 kg/m2; IІ (n=15) – patients with AML and BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2. The biochemical blood analysis was evaluated twice: before and on the 56th day of CT, which included alanine-, aspartate-aminotransferases, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein and total bilirubin. Results: In patients with AML and normal BMI, CT conduction increased the risk of GGT (RR=3.00; 95% CI=1.14-7.91; p<0.05) and ALP activity impairment (RR=2.67; 95% CI=0.98-7.22; p>0.05). The presence of overweight and obesity in patients with AML of group II led to significant risk of increase the GGT (RR=3.00; 95% CI=1.46-6.14; p<0.05) and ALP activity (RR=4.00; 95% CI=1.41-11.35; p<0.05) during CT. GGT and ALP activity in the blood serum of group II patients after CT exceeded the baseline data in 2.4 times (p<0.0001) and 1.6 times (p=0.0007), respectively. Conclusions: The remission induction CT of AML is accompanied by the risk of cytostatic-induced liver injury. The presence of overweight, obesity and primary disorders of biochemical liver tests due to the oncohematological disease influence are the risk factors for hepatotoxic reactions development during CT.