The Overriding Influence of Flash Floods on Species-Area Curves in Ephemeral Negev Desert Pools: A Consideration of the Value of Island Biogeography Theory

Ward, David L.; Blaustein, Leon

doi:10.2307/2846034

Cited by 72 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This study indicates that Bufo viridis tadpoles are highly vulnerable to predation by Anax, and that Anax may even be capable of eliminating B. viridis in a pond. Yet B. viridis tadpoles are very common in temporary winter and springtime ponds found in the local wadis in the Negev Desert of Israel despite the presence of Anax in some of the ponds (Ward & Blaustein, 1994;Blaustein & Margalit, 1995;Stav, 2003). Oviposition pond selection by B. viridis adult females in response to risk of predation on Bufo larvae from Anax in certain ponds may contribute, but not totally explain this pattern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Lastly, A. imperator may only eliminate B. viridis completely in ponds of low structural complexity like those of our experimental ponds. While such structurally simple ponds exist and are common among the natural ponds of the area, there are also much larger, and more structurally complex ones (Ward & Blaustein, 1994, Stav, 2003 in which predation efficiency may be considerably lower (Floater, 2001;Hovel & Lipicius, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On 11 April 1999, we filled the ponds to a depth of 10 cm (=15 l) with tap water. The size of the artificial pond is well within the range of natural desert ponds containing the species of interest (Ward & Blaustein, 1994;Blaustein & Margalit, 1995;Stav, 2003). Water levels were maintained thereafter by adding de-ionized water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct and indirect effects of dragonfly (Anax imperator) nymphs on green toad (Bufo viridis) tadpoles

2006

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We conducted an artificial pond experiment to assess the direct and indirect effects of predation on Bufo viridis tadpoles. We ran three treatments: free Anax (unrestrained predatory dragonfly nymph Anax imperator), caged Anax (non-consumptive effects), and control (no Anax). Anax showed both strong consumptive and non-consumptive effects on Bufo tadpoles. Free Anax eliminated all of the tadpoles within six days. Tadpoles preferred the shady side of the ponds. Caged Anax caused tadpoles to increase their spatial preferences. Tadpoles avoided the center of the pond, and in the presence of the caged predator, they were found in the center even less. Tadpoles also showed a strong preference for crowding together, and in the presence of a caged Anax, they tended to crowd more. Moreover, Bufo metamorphosed earlier and at a larger size in the caged Anax ponds, possibly by providing extra food resources due to the extra organic matter excreted by the predators.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct and indirect effects of dragonfly (Anax imperator) nymphs on green toad (Bufo viridis) tadpoles

2006

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“…We also experimentally determine if oviposition patterns exhibited in artificial pools are consistent with patterns in natural pools. The predator and prey species are common in temporary pools of Israel (e.g., Ward and Blaustein 1994;Blaustein and Margalit 1995;Blaustein 1998). Notonecta maculata nymphal instars are largely, if not completely, confined to the pool in which their eggs were oviposited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oviposition habitat selection in response to risk of predation in temporary pools: mode of detection and consistency across experimental venue

et al. 2004

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Natural selection should favor females that avoid ovipositing where risk of predation is high for their progeny. Despite the large consequences of such oviposition behavior for individual fitness, population dynamics, and community structure, relatively few studies have tested for this behavior. Moreover, these studies have rarely assessed the mode of detection of predators, compared responses in prey species that vary in vulnerability to predators, or tested for the behavior in natural habitats. In an outdoor artificial pool experiment, we tested the oviposition responses of two dipteran species, Culiseta longiareolata (mosquito) and Chironomus riparius (midge), to the hemipteran predator, Notonecta maculata. Both dipteran species have similar life history characteristics, but Culiseta longiareolata larvae are highly vulnerable to predation by Notonecta, while Chironomus riparius larvae are not. As their vulnerabilities would suggest, Culiseta longiareolata, but not Chironomus riparius, strongly avoided ovipositing in pools containing Notonecta. An experiment in natural rock pools assessing oviposition by Culiseta longiareolata in response to Notonecta maculata yielded an oviposition pattern highly consistent with that of the artificial pool experiment. We also demonstrated that the cue for oviposition avoidance by Culiseta longiareolata was a predator-released chemical: Notonecta water (without Notonecta replenishment) repelled oviposition for 8 days. Oviposition avoidance and mode of detection of the predator have important implications for how to assess the true impact of predators and for the use of commercially produced kairomones for mosquito control.

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“…For the water compartment, several studies have addressed the relationships between species richness and size of streams, rivers, pools, ponds, lakes and wetlands (Broenmark et al 1984;Ward and Blaustein 1994;Oertli et al 2002), however, to our knowledge, no information is available on the effect of size of protected area on aquatic species richness. Increased size of the protected area may benefit freshwater organisms based on the following considerations: (i) if a protected area is larger, it should be more effective as a buffer zone; (ii) a larger area involves a larger number of streams and inside each stream a larger number of different habitats, thus offering opportunities for a richer freshwater fauna (Vannote et al 1980;Rutt et al 1989;Jeffries 1993;Voelz and McArthur 2000); (iii) according to models developed for terrestrial protected areas (Pickett and Thompson 1978;Shaffer 1981), a larger bulk of water should keep more easily the minimum viable populations of several species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological quality of running waters in protected areas: the influence of size and land use

Mancini¹,

Formichetti²,

Anselmo³

et al. 2005

Biodivers Conserv

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There are still substantial questions about whether protected areas affect the quality and biodiversity of surface waters within their borders. In this study, the size and land use of 19 protected areas of Latium Region (central Italy) were related to the biological quality of 32 streams running inside them. Additionally, the biological quality of 18 out of the 32 streams was compared with the quality recorded on the same streams outside the boundaries of the protected areas. The biological quality was assessed using the Extended Biotic Index, which indicates the macroinvertebrate community health. The quality of 32 study streams running through the protected areas was not related to the size of these areas, but it did reflect land use. On average, the 18 study sites inside protected areas had biological quality similar to external control sites. In the protected areas, the biological quality of streams was higher than for the same streams in the surrounding territory provided that anthropogenic changes were fewer. These data indicate that the creation of protected areas per se does not increase freshwater biodiversity and that land use has a major impact on the biological quality of the stream in a protected area. As a consequence, a higher number of reserves or landscape designations specifically created for aquatic conservation is necessary and recovery programs aimed at restoring physical habitats and reducing sources of impact to aquatic life have to be pursued. Also, where the anthropogenic impact is high (e.g., as in the case of strongly urbanised areas), the creation of effective protected areas might improve the biological quality of water courses.Abbreviations: Ia -Index of anthropisation; IBE -Extended Biotic Index used in Italy to assess biological water quality.

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The Overriding Influence of Flash Floods on Species-Area Curves in Ephemeral Negev Desert Pools: A Consideration of the Value of Island Biogeography Theory

Cited by 72 publications

References 44 publications

Direct and indirect effects of dragonfly (Anax imperator) nymphs on green toad (Bufo viridis) tadpoles

Direct and indirect effects of dragonfly (Anax imperator) nymphs on green toad (Bufo viridis) tadpoles

Oviposition habitat selection in response to risk of predation in temporary pools: mode of detection and consistency across experimental venue

Biological quality of running waters in protected areas: the influence of size and land use

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