“…The Lagrangian meshfree particle methods, including smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) 1 and moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) 2 methods, have great advantages in simulating complicated interfacial flows. During recent years, the particle methods have been used to simulate free surface flow (eg, dam break, 2,3 sloshing, 4 waves, 5,6 and droplet deformation 7,8 ), multiphase flow (eg, gas-liquid, [9][10][11][12] liquid-liquid [13][14][15] flows) and fluid-solid interaction flow (eg, fluid-rigid- [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] and fluid-elastic-structure 23,24 interactions). Meanwhile, the accuracy and stability of particle methods have been remarkably improved to enhance the reliability.…”