The Overlap of Kidney Failure in Extrapulmonary Sarcoidosis in Children—Case Report and Review of Literature

Abstract

Sarcoidosis is a non-necrotizing granulomatous inflammatory multisystemic disorder of unknown etiology. In children, as in adults, it can involve a few or all organ systems to a varying extent and degree, entailing multisystemic manifestations. Kidney involvement in pediatric-onset adult-type sarcoidosis is rare, with a wide range of renal manifestations, most of them related to calcium metabolism. Children with renal sarcoidosis tend to be more symptomatic than adults, although male patients have a higher prevalence. We present the case of a 10-year-old boy who presented with advanced renal failure with nephrocalcinosis and important hepatosplenomegaly. The diagnosis was established by histopathological examination, with consequent cortisone therapy and hemodialysis. This review emphasizes that sarcoidosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pediatric patients with acute kidney insufficiency or chronic kidney disease of an unknown etiology. As far as we know, this is the first study regarding extrapulmonary sarcoidosis in children from Romania.

Systematic and Comprehensive Analysis of tRNA-Derived Small RNAs Reveals Their Potential Regulatory Roles and Clinical Relevance in Sarcoidosis

“…The diagnosis of sarcoidosis is based on the results of clinical and radiological examinations, as well as the pathological diagnosis of non-caseating granulomas on biopsy. Although the understanding of the immunopathological and genetic characteristics of sarcoidosis has increased, and there have been new developments in diagnostic techniques and biological agents for treatment, 2 , 3 the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis remains unclear. It is generally accepted that sarcoidosis is caused by abnormal immune responses in genetically susceptible individuals exposed to specific environmental factors.…”