The outlet patch: gastric heterotopia of the colorectum and anus

Mannan, Abul Ala Syed Rifat; Vieth, Michael; Khararjian, Armen; Khandakar, Binny; Lam-Himlin, Dora; Heydt, David; Bhaijee, Feriyl; Venbrux, Henry J; Byrnes, Kathleen; Voltaggio, Lysandra; Barker, Norman; Yuan, Songyang; Montgomery, Elizabeth A.

doi:10.1111/his.13632

Cited by 49 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(150 reference statements)

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“…Gastric PGA is a rare neoplasm with pyloric gland differentiation. 48,49 Although PGA is more frequently diagnosed in the stomach, [49][50][51][52][53] it can be detected in the oesophagus, 52,54 duodenum, 49,52,55 rectum, 56 gallbladder, 49,52,57 and bile duct. 49,52 In one series, PGAs were reported to account for 2.7% of all gastric polyps, but fundic gland polyps were not evaluated, thus skewing the results.…”

Section: P Y L O R I C G L a N D A D E N O M A ( P G A )mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non‐conventional dysplasias of the tubular gut: a review and illustration of their histomorphological spectrum

et al. 2021

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Non-conventional dysplasias of the tubular gut: a review and illustration of their histomorphological spectrumThe increasing use of gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures has led to the recognition by histopathologists of non-conventional (or special-type) dysplasias of the gastrointestinal tract. These lesions can be recognised in association with prevalent underlying gastrointestinal conditions, such as Barrett oesophagus, chronic atrophic gastritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. The diagnosis of these special types can be challenging, and their biological behaviours are not fully characterised. The aim of this review is to provide a global view of non-conventional dysplastic lesions observed in the various segments of the tubular gastrointestinal tract and describe their salient features. Furthermore, as the clinical implications of these various subtypes have not been broadly tested in practice and are not represented in most management guidelines, we offer guidance on the best management practices for these lesions.

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Section: P Y L O R I C G L a N D A D E N O M A ( P G A )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gastric PGA is a rare neoplasm with pyloric gland differentiation 48,49 . Although PGA is more frequently diagnosed in the stomach, 49–53 it can be detected in the oesophagus, 52,54 duodenum, 49,52,55 rectum, 56 gallbladder, 49,52,57 and bile duct 49,52 …”

Section: Stomachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐conventional dysplasias of the tubular gut: a review and illustration of their histomorphological spectrum

et al. 2021

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“…PGAs most frequently present in the stomach, 12,43,44 although they can also develop in the oesophagus, 45 duodenum, 12,46 rectum, 47 gallbladder 12,48 and bile ducts 12 . Gastric PGAs mainly develop in three clinicopathological settings: the chronic atrophic gastritis‐associated setting (particularly autoimmune gastritis), the hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome‐associated setting (Table 3) and, sporadically, in the normal mucosal background.…”

Section: Pyloric Gland Adenomamentioning

confidence: 99%

The pathology of gastric and duodenal polyps: current concepts

2020

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The liberal use of upper endoscopy has led to an increased detection of gastric and duodenal polyps, which are identified in as many as 6 and 4.6% of patient examinations, respectively. Gastroduodenal polyps are a heterogeneous group of lesions that can be neoplastic or non‐neoplastic (e.g. hyperplastic or heterotopical). Most polyps present characteristic topographical features, as well as endoscopic appearance and size. Evaluation of the surrounding mucosa is essential in assessing the underlying pathology (e.g. Helicobacter pylori, autoimmune gastritis or inherited polyposis syndromes). Phylogenetically, gastric and duodenal polyps can be classified according to the epithelial compartment from which they derive. Polyps that arise from the surface epithelium can either be of foveolar or intestinal type, and they can develop from either the native mucosa or the metaplastic epithelium (gastric intestinal metaplasia or duodenal foveolar metaplasia). Other polyps develop from the deeper glandular component, such as pyloric/oxyntic gland derived subtypes. In this review we focus upon epithelial polyps, with an emphasis on the most common and clinically relevant lesions, and present recently described entities.

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“…Heterotopic gastric mucosa has been described through the whole alimentary tract but its location in the large bowel is infrequent and mostly reported in the rectum. HGM involving colon segments proximal to the rectum is extremely rare, with only 11 cases reported to date . In a recently published case series only three out of 33 HGM cases in the lower GI tract were located proximal to the rectum, while others report only two cases out of 131 patients with HGM in the GI tract .…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…HGM involving colon segments proximal to the rectum is extremely rare, with only 11 cases reported to date . In a recently published case series only three out of 33 HGM cases in the lower GI tract were located proximal to the rectum, while others report only two cases out of 131 patients with HGM in the GI tract . IHC staining can improve the diagnostic yield of pathological diagnosis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Appearances can be deceiving: A case of intestinal metaplasia and heterotopic gastric mucosa in colon

García-Campos

Giner

Balén

2019

Digestive Endoscopy

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The outlet patch: gastric heterotopia of the colorectum and anus

Abstract: We highlight the features of GH in the distal GIT - the 'outlet patch'. Association with PGA, surface dysplasia and adenocarcinoma suggests that lower tract GH can undergo neoplastic transformation.

Cited by 49 publications

References 37 publications

Non‐conventional dysplasias of the tubular gut: a review and illustration of their histomorphological spectrum

Non‐conventional dysplasias of the tubular gut: a review and illustration of their histomorphological spectrum

The pathology of gastric and duodenal polyps: current concepts

Appearances can be deceiving: A case of intestinal metaplasia and heterotopic gastric mucosa in colon

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