The outer radiation belt injection, transport, acceleration and loss satellite (ORBITALS): A canadian small satellite mission for ILWS

Mann, I. R.; Balmain, K. G.; Blake, J. B.; Boteler, D. H.; Bourdarie, S.; Clemmons, J. H.; Dent, Z. C.; Degeling, A. W.; Fedosejeves, R.; Fennell, J. F.; Fraser, B. J.; Green, J.C.; Jordanova, V. K.; Kale, A.; Kistler, L. M.; Knudsen, D. J.; Lessard, M.; Loto’aniu, T. M.; Milling, D. K.; O’Brien, T. P.; Onsager, T. G.; Ozeke, L. G.; Rae, I. J.; Rankin, R.; Reeves, G. D.; Ridley, A. J.; Sofko, G. J.; Summers, Danny; Thomson, I.; Thorne, R. M.; Tsui, Y.Y.; Unick, C.; Vassiliadis, D.; Wygant, J. R.; Yau, A. W.

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2005.11.009

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 102 publications

(115 reference statements)

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“…Understanding the acceleration and loss mechanisms of radiation belt electrons is needed to develop models for nowcasting and forecasting of relativistic (>1 MeV) electrons that are a potential danger to satellites and humans in space. A primary objective of the twin‐spacecraft NASA Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) mission [ Kintner and the Living With a Star Geospace Mission Definition Team , 2002] and the proposed Canadian Outer Radiation Belt Injection, Transport, Acceleration and Loss Satellite (ORBITALS) mission [ Mann et al , 2006] is to understand the physical processes that control the dynamical variation of outer radiation belt electron fluxes. Wave‐particle interactions undoubtedly play a crucial role in radiation belt electron dynamics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron scattering by whistler‐mode ELF hiss in plasmaspheric plumes

et al. 2008

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[1] Nonadiabatic loss processes of radiation belt energetic electrons include precipitation loss to the atmosphere due to pitch-angle scattering by various magnetospheric plasma wave modes. Here we consider electron precipitation loss due to pitch-angle scattering by whistler-mode ELF hiss in plasmaspheric plumes. Using wave observations and inferred plasma densities from the Plasma Wave Experiment on the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES), we analyze plume intervals for which welldetermined hiss spectral intensities are available. We then select 14 representative plumes for detailed study, comprising 10 duskside plumes and 4 nonduskside plumes, with local hiss amplitudes ranging from maximum values of above 300 pT to minimum values of less than 1 pT. We estimate the electron loss timescale t loss due to pitch-angle scattering by hiss in each chosen plume as a function of L-shell and electron energy; t loss is calculated from quasi-linear theory as the inverse of the bounce-averaged diffusion rate evaluated at the equatorial loss cone angle. We find that pitch-angle scattering by hiss in plumes can be efficient for inducing precipitation loss of outer-zone electrons with energies throughout the range 100 keV to 1 MeV, though the magnitude of t loss can be highly dependent on wave power, L-shell, and electron energy. For 100-to 200-keV electrons, typically t loss $ 1 day while the minimum loss timescale (t loss ) min $ hours. For 500-keV to 1-MeV electrons, typically (t loss ) min $ days, while (t loss ) min < 1 day in the case of large wave amplitude ($100's pT). Apart from inducing direct precipitation loss of MeV electrons, scattering by hiss in plumes may reduce the generation of MeV electrons by depleting the lower energy electron seed population. Models of the dynamical variation of the outer-zone electron flux should incorporate electron precipitation loss induced by ELF hiss scattering in plasmaspheric plumes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron scattering by whistler‐mode ELF hiss in plasmaspheric plumes

et al. 2008

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“…Satellite data from future missions such as the NASA Radiation Belt Storm Probes, or the CSA mission ORBITALS [ Mann et al , 2006], may be important for testing our hypothesis that ring current ions may energize radiation belt electrons via the intermediary of ULF waves. As discussed for example by Elkington et al [1999], poloidally polarized Alfvén waves (with quasi‐azimuthal electric fields) are also much more efficient at accelerating radiation belts electrons than toroidally polarized waves [e.g., Loto'aniu et al , 2006].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energization of radiation belt electrons by ring current ion driven ULF waves

Ozeke

Mann

2008

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] In this paper we examine the hypothesis that MeV energy radiation belt electrons can be energized by ULF waves, the ULF waves themselves being excited by drift-bounce resonance with energetic ring current ions. We show that this energization is most likely to occur during depleted plasmatrough conditions and when the plasmapause lies on a low L-shell. For example, when the plasmasphere has been eroded so that the plasmapause lies at L = 3, then efficient energization for electrons with energies >1 MeV at L ' 3-4 can be caused by ULF waves generated by the N = 2 drift-bounce resonance with either ' 10-15 keV H + , or ' 100-300 keV O + , ring current ions respectively. We illustrate this transfer of energy from the ring current to the radiation belt by considering a radiation belt electron drift resonance with fundamental field-aligned mode m ' +20 guided poloidal Alfvén waves, the waves being excited by westward drifting ring current ions. Our results are significant in that they offer a new paradigm for the ULF wave energization of MeV radiation belt electrons, suggesting that ring current ion driven ULF waves may play an important role in radiation belt energization by ULF waves. Given the prevalence of $100 keV O + ions in the ring current at L $ 3-4 during storm-times, and the storm-time erosion of the plasmapause, the conditions required for efficient ULF wave energy transfer from the ring current to >1 MeV electrons in the radiation belt will be satisfied during storm-times.Citation: Ozeke, L. G., and I. R. Mann (2008), Energization of radiation belt electrons by ring current ion driven ULF waves,

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“…Taking advantage of multisatellite observations, we show here the two most representative events and reveal the effective role of ULF standing waves in accelerating/decelerating the ring current O + ions via drift-bounce resonance. Future missions such as the NASA RBSP, and the CSA ORBITALS [Mann et al, 2006], which will study the radiation belt and ring current dynamics during solar maximum, are hoped to shed more light on this issue.…”

Section: Event Listmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of ULF waves interacting with oxygen ions at the outer ring current during storm times

Yang

Zong

et al. 2011

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] The modulations of the outer ring current O + ion fluxes by ULF Pc5 waves are investigated by multisatellite observations during storm times. The O + ions have energies up to tens of keV. We concentrate on the process in terms of drift-bounce resonance of O + ions with ULF standing waves to understand whether the ring current O + ions could be accelerated/decelerated by ULF waves. Two case studies are performed, in which the Cluster satellites travel the outer ring current region in the morning sector with radial distances of about 5.5 R E . Distinct O + ion flux oscillations are observed associated with fundamental mode ULF standing waves. On 25 October 2002, both satellites SC1 and SC4 observe strong poloidal and toroidal standing waves at approximately the same region one by one with a time lag of 45 min. The O + ion flux oscillations at around 20 keV are dominantly coherent with the poloidal standing wave at 3.4 mHz with cross phases of near 90°with respect to the magnetic field waves. The O + phase space density spectra at 10 to 25 keV, measured by both satellites, deviate significantly from the typical power law distribution. We suggest that the O + ions at 10 to 25 keV are accelerated due to drift-bounce resonance with the poloidal standing wave. On 4 November 2002, satellite SC1 observes considerable poloidal and toroidal standing waves. The O + ion flux oscillation at around 7 keV is well correlated with both of the two wave modes at 3.7 mHz with cross phases of about 90°with respect to the magnetic field waves. The O + spectra at 4 to 8 keV deviates remarkably from the background power law distribution. When satellite SC4 closely encounters the same region 40 min later, the wave activities at 3.7 mHz are found to be rather weak and the O + spectra is close to the background power law distribution. We suggest that the spectra variation of SC1 results from the deceleration of O + ion at 4 to 8 keV via drift-bounce resonances during the strong wave activities. The observations made in this study reveal the effective role of ULF standing waves in accelerating/decelerating the ring current O + ions.Citation: Yang, B., Q.-G. Zong, S. Y. Fu, X. Li, A. Korth, H. S. Fu, C. Yue, and H. Reme (2011), The role of ULF waves interacting with oxygen ions at the outer ring current during storm times,

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The outer radiation belt injection, transport, acceleration and loss satellite (ORBITALS): A canadian small satellite mission for ILWS

Cited by 16 publications

References 102 publications

Electron scattering by whistler‐mode ELF hiss in plasmaspheric plumes

Electron scattering by whistler‐mode ELF hiss in plasmaspheric plumes

Energization of radiation belt electrons by ring current ion driven ULF waves

The role of ULF waves interacting with oxygen ions at the outer ring current during storm times

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