The outbreak of monkeypox 2022: An overview

Hraib, Munawar; Jouni, Sarah; Albitar, Mhd Mustafa; Alaidi, Sara; Alshehabi, Zuheir

doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104069

Cited by 139 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Orthopoxviruses and other orthopoxviruses react crossreactively in immunological testing. Even so, these tests could be helpful if there have been prior clues that point to the disease's origin [24].…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Recent Monkeypox Outbreak in 2022

Al-Gburi¹,

Namuq²

2022

Cureus

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The coincidence of the monkeypox outbreak with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic raises a global concern about a potential new pandemic and the possible consequences. As the World Health Organization declared the international monkeypox outbreak a global emergency, there is apprehension about the complications and mortality of monkeypox infection.The monkeypox virus is a zoonosis: a disease that is transmitted from animals to humans. It is an enveloped double-stranded DNA virus that belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus. Human-to-human transmission occurs with close contact with respiratory secretions, sores on an infected person's skin, or contaminated items like clothing.Monkeypox is endemic in regions of Africa, however, because of smallpox eradication and a decrease in vaccination efforts, this led to an outbreak in the United States of America in 2003 and a new world outbreak in 2022.Most patients experience prodromal sickness with fever, malaise, and enlarged lymph nodes before developing a rash. In addition to skin lesions, individuals may also experience secondary skin and/or soft tissue infection, pneumonitis, ocular problems, and encephalitis. There is an increased risk of infection among men who have sex with men and human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) patients. The polymerase chain reaction is the gold standard for diagnosis. Management is usually supportive but some cases may require tecovirimat. This is a comprehensive review of monkeypox virus epidemiology, clinical features, and the most up-to-date, effective management and prevention.

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Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Recent Monkeypox Outbreak in 2022

Al-Gburi¹,

Namuq²

2022

Cureus

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“…In this regard, MPX was declared a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization (WHO), as of July 23, 2022 [ 2 ]. MPX is a zoonotic disease, caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV) which is a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus in the family Poxviridae [ 3 ].…”

Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1958, the MPXV was found in a colony of monkeys in Copenhagen of Denmark [ 3 ]. In 1970, the first patient with MPX was identified in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).…”

Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monkeys and Monkeypox: Are we on the brink of another stigma?

Farahat

Kadir²

2022

Annals of Medicine &Amp; Surgery

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“…Monkeypox virus (MPXV), a double-helix DNA virus, causes zoonotic monkeypox disease that belongs to the family of Poxviridae, a subfamily of Chordopoxvirinae and Orthopoxvirus genera [ 1 , 2 ]. This genu induces cutaneous manifestation in diseases, such as smallpox (caused by variola virus), cowpox (caused by cowpox virus), camelpox (caused by camelpox virus), and monkeypox in humans [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monkeypox virus from neurological complications to neuroinvasive properties: current status and future perspectives

2022

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Cases of monkeypox (MPV) are sharply rising around the world. While most efforts are being focused on the management of the first symptoms of monkeypox, such as cutaneous lesions and flu-like symptoms, the effect of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) on multiple organs still remains unclear. Recently, several neurological manifestations, such as headache, myalgia, malaise, fatigue, altered consciousness, agitation, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting, have been reported in patients with MPV. In addition, data from experimental studies have indicated that MPXV can gain access to the central nervous system (CNS) through the olfactory epithelium and infected circulatory monocytes/macrophages as two probable neuroinvasive mechanisms. Therefore, there are growing concerns about the long-term effect of MPXV on the CNS and subsequent neurological complications. This paper highlights the importance of the neuroinvasive potential of MPXV, coupled with neurological manifestations.

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The outbreak of monkeypox 2022: An overview

Cited by 139 publications

References 20 publications

A Review of the Recent Monkeypox Outbreak in 2022

A Review of the Recent Monkeypox Outbreak in 2022

Monkeys and Monkeypox: Are we on the brink of another stigma?

Monkeypox virus from neurological complications to neuroinvasive properties: current status and future perspectives

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