The Other Side of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Neurological Sequelae in Patients

Alonso-Bellido, Isabel María; Bachiller, Sara; Vázquez, Guillermo; Cruz-Hernández, Luis; Martínez, E. Hernández; Ruiz‐Mateos, Ezequiel; Deierborg, Tomas; Venero, José L.; Real, Luis Miguel; Ruiz, Rocío

doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.632673

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The new pandemic caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has gained a lot of attention from a PD research perspective. Despite the relation of COVID-19 with PD, this is yet not clear as the neurological effects of COVID-19 are still arising [ 166 ]. It has been reported that PD patients could develop prolonged post-COVID19 syndrome with worsen motor behavior and poor levodopa response [ 167 ].…”

Section: Models Of Pd Based On Peripheral Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Animal Models of Parkinson’s Disease

García-Revilla

Herrera

Pablos

et al. 2022

JPD

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Accumulating evidence suggests that microglia and peripheral immune cells may play determinant roles in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Consequently, there is a need to take advantage of immune-related models of PD to study the potential contribution of microglia and peripheral immune cells to the degeneration of the nigrostriatal system and help develop potential therapies for PD. In this review, we have summarised the main PD immune models. From a historical perspective, we highlight first the main features of intranigral injections of different pro-inflammogens, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), thrombin, neuromelanin, etc. The use of adenoviral vectors to promote microglia-specific overexpression of different molecules in the ventral mesencephalon, including α-synuclein, IL-1β, and TNF, are also presented and briefly discussed. Finally, we summarise different models associated with peripheral inflammation whose contribution to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is now an outstanding question. Illustrative examples included systemic LPS administration and dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in rodents.

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Section: Models Of Pd Based On Peripheral Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Animal Models of Parkinson’s Disease

García-Revilla

Herrera

Pablos

et al. 2022

JPD

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“…It may also relate to neurological complications including loss of smell, taste, and also cerebrovascular disorders. However, it is still unclear that whether the neurological complications are due to the viral infections or the consequence of immune reactions (Alonso‐Bellido et al, 2021 ). COVID‐19 is causing severe complications in immunocompromised persons with diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, obesity, psychiatric disorder, or organ transplant history (Arumugam et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS‐CoV‐2 and its variants of concern including Omicron: A never ending pandemic

Mohapatra¹,

Kuppili

Suvvari

et al. 2022

Chem Biol Drug Des

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The ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 is associated with high morbidity and mortality. This zoonotic virus has emerged in Wuhan of China in December 2019 from bats and pangolins probably and continuing the human‐to‐human transmission globally since last two years. As there is no efficient approved treatment, a number of vaccines were developed at an unprecedented speed to counter the pandemic. Moreover, vaccine hesitancy is observed that may be another possible reason for this never ending pandemic. In the meantime, several variants and mutations were identified and causing multiple waves globally. Now the safety and efficacy of these vaccines are debatable and recommended to determine whether vaccines are able to interrupt transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 variant of concern (VOC). Moreover, the VOCs continue to emerge that appear more transmissible and less sensitive to virus‐specific immune responses. In this overview, we have highlighted various drugs and vaccines used to counter this pandemic along with their reported side effects. Moreover, the preliminary data for the novel VOC “Omicron” are discussed with the existing animal models.

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“…Previous work has shown that in addition to conventional respiratory symptoms, SARS-CoV-2 also causes a wide range of central nervous system (CNS) complications, including but not limited to headache, loss of taste and/or smell, hallucination, and seizure (Baig, 2020 ; Pezzini and Padovani, 2020 ). But it remains unclear whether these are a consequence of direct SARS-CoV-2 infection of the nervous system, an immune-mediated para- or post-infectious condition, or sequelae of systemic disease (Ellul et al, 2020 ; Iadecola et al, 2020 ; Mao et al, 2020 ; Alonso-Bellido et al, 2021 ). One possibility is that SARS-CoV-2 invades the brain via the olfactory nerves due to the presence of viral particles at the neural-mucosal interface in the olfactory mucosa in autopsied patient tissues (Meinhardt et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein disrupts barrier function in an in vitro human blood-brain barrier model

Zhou

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been frequently reported to exhibit neurological manifestations and disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Among the risk factors for BBB breakdown, the loss of endothelial cells and pericytes has caused widespread concern. Recent studies have revealed that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 envelope (S2E) protein caused cell death. We tested the hypothesis that the S2E protein alone could induce BBB dysfunction. The S2E protein bound to human BBB-related cells and inhibited cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Importantly, the S2E protein disrupted barrier function in an in vitro BBB model composed of HCMEC/D3 (brain endothelial cell line), HBVP (brain vascular pericyte), and U87MG (astrocyte cell line) cells and suppressed the expression of major genes involved in maintaining endothelial permeability and function. In addition, the S2E protein crossed the HCMEC/D3 monolayer. The S2E protein triggered inflammatory responses in HCMEC/D3 and U87MG cells. Taken together, these results show for the first time that the S2E protein has a negative impact on the BBB. Therapies targeting the S2E protein could protect against and treat central nervous system manifestations in COVID-19 patients.

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The Other Side of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Neurological Sequelae in Patients

Cited by 7 publications

References 72 publications

Inflammatory Animal Models of Parkinson’s Disease

Inflammatory Animal Models of Parkinson’s Disease

SARS‐CoV‐2 and its variants of concern including Omicron: A never ending pandemic

The SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein disrupts barrier function in an in vitro human blood-brain barrier model

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