The Other in Me: Interpersonal Multisensory Stimulation Changes the Mental Representation of the Self

Tajadura‐Jiménez, Ana; Grehl, Stephanie; Tsakiris, Manos

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040682

Cited by 123 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(134 reference statements)

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“…These physiological changes are similar to skin conductance responses during familiar face recognition (Ellis, Young, & Koenken, 1993;Tranel & Damasio, 1985, 1988 and have been observed after synchronous, but not asynchronous, tactile stimulation with an unfamiliar face (see Tajadura-JimŽnez et al, 2012a). However, in contrast to the current experiments, this enfacement effect is also accompanied by changes in the perceptual processing of faces.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Can Gaze-Contingent Mirror-Feedback from Unfamiliar Faces alter Self-Recognition?

Estudillo

Bindemann

2017

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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This study focuses on learning of the self, by examining how human observers update internal representations of their own face. For this purpose, we present a novel gazecontingent paradigm, in which an onscreen face either mimics observersÕ own eye-gaze behaviour (in the congruent condition), moves its eyes in different directions to that of the observers (incongruent condition), or remains static and unresponsive (neutral condition). Across three experiments, the mimicry of the onscreen face did not affect observersÕ perceptual self-representations. However, this paradigm influenced observersÕ reports of their own face. This effect was such that observers felt the onscreen face to be their own and that, if the onscreen gaze had moved on its own accord, observers expected their own eyes to move too. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.3

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Can Gaze-Contingent Mirror-Feedback from Unfamiliar Faces alter Self-Recognition?

Estudillo

Bindemann

2017

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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“…This was investigated by comparing a stimulation condition in which observers' faces were stroked in synchrony with an other-race face with a neutral condition in which neither the observers nor the onscreen face were stroked. The enfacement illusion was measured with an established 15 questionnaire (Maister et al, 2013b;Tajadura-Jiménez, et al, 2012a), while racial prejudice was measured implicitly with the IAT (Greenwald et al, 1998) and with the explicit racial prejudice scale (Lepore & Brown, 1997). Observers' scores in the enfacement questionnaire indicated a persistent subjective enfacement effect after SMS that was evident in seven out of eight items.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, faces are also susceptible to rubber hand-like effects (see, e.g., Maister, Tsiakkas, & Tsakiris, 2013b;Sforza, Bufalari, Haggard, & Aglioti, 2010;Tajadura-Jiménez, Grehl, & Tsakiris, 2012a;Tsakiris, 2008). When observers' own faces are stroked in synchrony with a target face, they tend to perceive the target face as more similar to their own (see, e.g., Paladino, Mazzurega, Pavini, & Schubert, 2010;Sforza et al, 2010;TajaduraJiménez et al, 2012a;Tsakiris, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multisensory stimulation with other-race faces and the reduction of racial prejudice

Estudillo

Bindemann

2016

Consciousness and Cognition

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This study investigated whether multisensory stimulation with other-race faces can reduce racial prejudice. In three experiments, the faces of Caucasian observers were stroked with a cotton bud while they watched a black face being stroked in synchrony on a computer screen.This was compared with a neutral condition, in which no tactile stimulation was administered (Experiment 1 and 2), and with a condition in which observers' faces were stroked in asynchrony with the onscreen face (Experiment 3). In all experiments, observers experienced an enfacement illusion after synchronous stimulation, whereby they reported to embody the other-race face. However, this effect did not produce concurrent changes in implicit or explicit racial prejudice. This outcome contrasts with other procedures for the reduction of self-other differences that decrease racial prejudice, such as behavioural mimicry and intergroup contact. We speculate that enfacement is less effective for such prejudice reduction because it does not encourage perspective-taking.3

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“…In studies by Tsakiris (2008) 32) and Tajadura-Jimenez et al (2012) 33) , subjects' faces were stroked while they were looking at a morphing face being touched in synchrony. After this visuo-tactile conflict, subjects felt as if the morphing face was their own.…”

Section: Multisensory Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of sensory signals in perception of the body

Sakamoto

2017

JPFSM

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Humans perceive their body posture, size, and position in space even when they do not look at their body. The ability to perceive the body correctly is essential to move accurately in space. The purpose of this review is to introduce the reader to the latest views on the role of peripheral afferent signals in the generation and alteration of perception of the body. First, the contribution of proprioceptive and cutaneous signals to perception of the body is introduced. Common methods to investigate these signals are muscle vibration, skin stretch, or electrical stimulation. These methods provide evidence that the perception of the body is flexible. Second, effects of multisensory integration on perception of the body are described. The combination of visual, tactile, proprioceptive, and auditory signals alter the perception of the body, suggesting that multiple sensory signals contribute to perception of the body. Third, the distortion of perception of the body after the loss of sensory signals is reviewed. Anesthesia or amputation of limbs, as well as experimentally-induced disintegration of sensory signals drastically alter the perception of the body. Fourth, neural mechanisms underlying the generation, or alteration, of perception of the body is described. The premotor and parietal cortices play a key role in perception of the body, as they are involved in multisensory integration. In the final section of the review, implications of the ways sensory information shapes perception of our body are discussed for athletic performance.

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The Other in Me: Interpersonal Multisensory Stimulation Changes the Mental Representation of the Self

Cited by 123 publications

References 65 publications

Can Gaze-Contingent Mirror-Feedback from Unfamiliar Faces alter Self-Recognition?

Can Gaze-Contingent Mirror-Feedback from Unfamiliar Faces alter Self-Recognition?

Multisensory stimulation with other-race faces and the reduction of racial prejudice

The role of sensory signals in perception of the body

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