The Otavalo trade diaspora: social capital and transnational entrepreneurship

Kyle, David

doi:10.1080/014198799329549

Cited by 91 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…El carácter emprendedor de esta exitosa estrategia migratoria, su fundamentación en el autoempleo y en el abastecimiento directo en el país de origen (Kyle 1999;2000) repercuten en que los kichwa otavalo 1 hayan sido ampliamente descritos como empresarios transnacionales (Portes, Guarnizo y Haller 2002;Zhou 2004).…”

Section: Rita Sobczyk Y Rosa Soriano Mirasunclassified

“…El análisis del entramado de redes sociales con las que se vincula la movilidad internacional de los otavalos requiere dedicar un lugar especial a la cuestión del transnacionalismo (Cruz 2011;Kyle 1999;A. Ordóñez 2008).…”

Section: Transnacionalismo Etnicidad Y Fronteras Socialesunclassified

“…La ciudad de Otavalo, hasta hace relativamente poco un bastión de poder ajeno a la población indígena, quedó «reconquistada» (Almeida 1995) por los kichwa. El aumento de la movilidad internacional fue acompañado por la retención del control sobre la producción artesanal, así como su exportación y venta en el extranjero (Kyle 1999;2000). Entre los indígenas involucrados en la economía étnica surgieron élites intelectuales, que desempeñaron un papel clave en el desarrollo del movimiento indígena en Ecuador (Korovkin 1998).…”

Section: Contextualización De La Investigaciónunclassified

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«El indígena tiene que estar siempre innovando»: transformaciones de la etnicidad de la diáspora comercial de Otavalo

Sobczyk

Miras

2017

Rev. Esp. Antropol. Am.

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Recibido: 23 de junio de 2014 Aceptado: 2 de septiembre de 2016 RESUMEN La población kichwa de Otavalo (Ecuador) constituye uno de los grupos indígenas más afectados por el mercado generado en torno a la demanda global de la llamada «autenticidad cultural». El éxito comercial de la venta de los productos artesanales propios tuvo un gran impacto en la reafirmación de la identidad indígena. El presente estudio analiza las transformaciones de la etnicidad de esta población en el contexto migratorio del sur de España. Los resultados demuestran la erosión del empresariado transnacional que originalmente estimuló los flujos de los otavalos. La reorientación de su estrategia laboral y un mayor arraigo en el destino influyen en que sea necesario replantear el significado actual de la dimensión étnica de la identidad.Palabras clave: Etnicidad, kichwa otavalo, transnacionalismo, España. «Indígena Always Has to Innovate»: Transformations of Ethnicity of the Otavalo Trade Diaspora ABSTRACTThe Kichwas from Otavalo (Ecuador) are one of the indigenous groups most affected by the global demand for the «culturally authentic» products. The commercial success of their handicrafts had a profound impact on reaffirmation of indigenous identity. This study analyzes the transformations of ethnicity of this population in the migratory context of Southern Spain. The results reveal the erosion of the transnational entrepreneurship which originally stimulated the migratory flows of Otavalos. The reorientation of the occupational strategy and their settlement in the receiving context influence the need to rethink the present meaning of ethnic dimension of identity.Key words: Ethnicity, Kichwa Otavalo, transnationalism, Spain. Sumario: 1. Introducción. 2. Transnacionalismo, etnicidad y fronteras sociales. 3. Contextualización de la investigación. 4. Los desafíos metodológicos del estudio. 5. Respondiendo a la demanda de «autenticidad cultural». 6. Repercusiones de las transformaciones del ámbito ocupacional a nivel identitario. 7. Las cambiantes trayectorias vitales y la etnicidad. 8. Conclusiones. 9. Referencias bibliográficas. IntroducciónLa encarnación actual de la siempre ambigua fascinación con el «exótico Otro» encuentra quizás una de sus mejores ilustraciones en el éxito económico de la población indígena de Otavalo (Ecuador). La comercialización de los productos artesanales étni-cos y la creación en el ámbito de la música andina llevaron al florecimiento de la zona y al surgimiento de flujos migratorios de tipo particular. Respondiendo a la demanda de la llamada «autenticidad cultural», la movilidad internacional de los kichwa otavalo se consolidó principalmente a partir de la década de los 90 (Meisch 2002) gracias al nicho existente en los mercados de los países de destino para los productos étnicos.

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Section: Rita Sobczyk Y Rosa Soriano Mirasunclassified

Section: Transnacionalismo Etnicidad Y Fronteras Socialesunclassified

Section: Contextualización De La Investigaciónunclassified

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«El indígena tiene que estar siempre innovando»: transformaciones de la etnicidad de la diáspora comercial de Otavalo

Sobczyk

Miras

2017

Rev. Esp. Antropol. Am.

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“…Itzigsohn et al (1999), Kyle (1999), and Landolt et al (1999) are among the early scholars who discussed transnational entrepreneurship as a new research stream in the migrant entrepreneurship literature; however, most of the research on TEs in the late 1990s was limited to case studies (Portes et al, 2002). In the last decade, entrepreneurship scholars also developed an interest in studying TEs (Ilhan-Nas et al, 2011).…”

Section: Transnational Entrepreneurshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transnational entrepreneurship, social networks, and institutional distance

Moghaddam

Rustambekov

Weber

et al. 2018

NEJE

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Purpose Transnational entrepreneurship can be considered a new stream of research where migrant entrepreneurship and international business research fields intersect. The purpose of this paper is to offer a theoretical framework to address the following research question: How do transnational entrepreneurs (TEs) develop their competitive advantage to succeed in a global market? Design/methodology/approach Based on the strategic entrepreneurship approach and dynamic capability perspective, this paper suggests a theoretical framework to extend the understanding on how TEs may develop their competitive advantage to succeed in a global market. Findings The suggested theoretical framework exhibits how the social ties of TEs affects their firm performance through the mediating effect of a bundle of two organizational processes (opportunity sensing and opportunity seizing) and the moderating effect of institutional distance between countries of origin and residence. Practical implications TEs should not solely focus on their ethnic social ties. That is why this paper suggests that ethnic ties in the country of origin and the country of residence (COR) may lead to higher firm performance only if systematically used alongside nonethnic ties in the COR. Furthermore, it is crucial for TEs to understand the importance of dynamic capabilities in developing and sustaining their competitive advantage. Originality/value Based on the strategic entrepreneurship approach, this paper suggests a social tie-based model of the dynamic capability to address the theoretical void in the transnational entrepreneurship literature. The linkage between social tie and performance which has been in a black box is examined in terms of how strong and weak social ties may affect different underlying processes of TEs’ dynamic capabilities differently. In contrast to the common conceptualization of institutional distance as a negative moderator in international business literature, institutional distance is theorized as a positive moderator in the suggested theoretical model of transnational entrepreneurship.

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“…However, most of the papers relate to their country's social capital; for example, José Ramon Montero and Mariano Torcal in the paper "Political Dissatisfaction in Contemporary Democracies: Social capital, institutions, and politics" (2012) [4]; "The Otavalo trade diasporas: social capital and transnational entrepreneurship" of David Kyle (2011) [5]; "Social capital and the transition to democracy" of Gabriel Badescu and Eric M. Uslaner"(2003) [6]; "Stakeholder relations as social capital in early modern international trade" by Jari Ojala and Vilma Lounma-aho (2008) [7]; and "Social capital, institutional innovation and Atlantic trade before 1800" by Robin Pearson and David Richardson [8]. In Vietnam, there are also some papers which are listed hereby: "Enhancing the effects of social capital allocation in farming industry of Thua Thien-Hue Province" (2015, Tran Viet Nguyen) [9]; "The fact of the public social capital" (2013, Trinh Mai Van, Nguyen Van Dai) [10]; "Administrating the social capital for infrastructure" (2014, Ho Thi Mai Huong) [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Social Investment Capital and the Cargo Volume Transported by Sea: A VAR Approach for Vietnam

2017

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Social investment capital is one of the factors in Vietnam's economic growth. It also has a broad impact on many manufacturing and service sectors in the national economy, including maritime transport. This article will apply a quantitative method named vector autoregression (VAR) to define the impacts of social investment capital on the quantity of cargo transported by sea. Special attention will be paid to investment from the government and foreign investors. Recommendations will be suggested to improve the current situation of shipping companies in particular, and the shipping industry in general in Vietnam.

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The Otavalo trade diaspora: social capital and transnational entrepreneurship

Cited by 91 publications

References 5 publications

«El indígena tiene que estar siempre innovando»: transformaciones de la etnicidad de la diáspora comercial de Otavalo

«El indígena tiene que estar siempre innovando»: transformaciones de la etnicidad de la diáspora comercial de Otavalo

Transnational entrepreneurship, social networks, and institutional distance

The Social Investment Capital and the Cargo Volume Transported by Sea: A VAR Approach for Vietnam

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