The Otago Exercise Program With or Without Motivational Interviewing for Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A 12-Month Follow-Up of a Randomized, Controlled Trial

Abstract

The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to examine the 12-month effects of the home-based Otago Exercise Program (OEP) with or without the support of motivational interviewing (MI) on community-dwelling people 75 years and older who needed walking aids and/or home help service. In total, 175 participants were randomized into three groups: OEP ( n = 61), OEP with MI ( n = 58), and a control group ( n = 56) ( M age = 83 years). Measures were physical performance, physical activity level, balance, grip strength, fall-related self-efficacy, fall rate, and fall injury rate. The OEP with and the OEP without MI, with the support of a physical therapist (six home visits and three phone calls), demonstrated no benefits in any of the measures compared with a control group. In this subgroup of pre-frail older adults, more frequent support by personnel may be required to secure efficient intensity and progression in the exercises performed on your own at home.

What Predicts Falls, and what are the Circumstances and Consequences of Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Who Need Walking Aids or Home Help Service

“…In addition, two thirds of the RCT participants were expected to regularly accomplish home exercises, which might have had an impact on falling. However, no between group differences in falls were seen in the main study ( Tuvemo Johnson et al, 2021 ). As inclusion criteria we used “pre-frail community-dwelling older adults who needed walking aids or home help service”.…”

“…A randomized controlled fall prevention trial ( n = 175) was conducted in a sample of community-dwelling older adults who received walking aids, security alarms and/or home help service, from the year 2012–2016. The within and between-groups results as well as fall rate and injury rate have been presented previously ( Tuvemo Johnson et al, 2021 ). The present study was based on the same sample, but the aim of this study was to analyze predictive factors for falls.…”

“…Data for the current study were collected as part of a randomised, controlled trial (RCT) (trial nr XX) conducted in Sweden from 2012 to 2016. The results from the main RCT follow-up have been presented elsewhere ( Tuvemo Johnson et al, 2021 ). Community-dwelling older adults were recruited for the study by physiotherapists or occupational therapists when walking aids were prescribed or by care managers when the older adults applied for home help service or security alarms, which indicated some degree of frailty in the sample.…”

The effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions including outdoor mobility on older adults’ physical activity, endurance, outdoor mobility and falls-related self-efficacy: systematic review and meta-analysis

“…In total 7,076 older adults took part in the RCTs with sample sizes ranging from 28 [ 38 ] to 1,256 [ 39 ] participants. A total of 10 RCTs targeted proactive (community-dwelling) populations [ 16 , 17 , 20 , 39–45 ]. Reactive populations included older adults with a specific condition: hip fracture ( n = 10) [ 21 , 38 , 46–53 ], stroke ( n = 2) [ 18 , 54 ], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) ( n = 2) [ 55 , 56 ], falls risk ( n = 1) [ 57 ], depressive symptoms ( n = 1) [ 17 ], cancer ( n = 1) [ 58 ], osteoarthritis ( n = 1) [ 59 ] or hypertension ( n = 1) [ 19 ].…”

“…Further, quality of life may be improved among carers of older adults by reducing the need to adapt to increased dependency [ 15 ]. As such, several randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of rehabilitation for community-dwelling older adults [ 16 , 17 ] as well as rehabilitation for community-dwelling older adults with illness or injury [ 18 , 19 ] include an outdoor mobility component. These components vary from supervised walking programmes [ 20 ] to mobility related goal setting [ 21 ] and their role in intervention effectiveness is not well understood.…”