The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center questionnaire on health problems: a new approach to prospective monitoring of illness and injury in elite athletes

Clarsen, Benjamin; Rønsen, Ola; Myklebust, Grethe; Flørenes, Tonje Wåle; Bahr, Roald

doi:10.1136/bjsports-2012-092087

Cited by 312 publications

(616 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…For example, we expected to capture a far greater number of injuries using the OSTRC Overuse Injury Questionnaire than using a time-loss-injury approach because many athletes continue to train and compete despite being injured. 9,15 However, our results are in accordance with those of Andersen et al, 16 Clarsen et al, 10,17 Jacobsson et al, 18 and Ristolainen et al, 19 demonstrating that overuse injuries are more common than acute injuries in several sports.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The question of whether adolescent elite orienteerers should avoid participating in alternative sports cannot be answered based on our results, but our findings highlight the importance of identifying the injury circumstances. In addition to injuries, the most common cause of the inability to train fully was illness, which is in accordance with the report of Clarsen et al, 17 who observed that 36% of athletes preparing for the Olympic and Paralympic Games reported illnesses.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Injuries and Associated Risk Factors Among Adolescent Elite Orienteerers: A 26-Week Prospective Registration Study

Rosen

Heijne

Frohm

2016

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: In orienteering, the number of injury-registration studies is limited. Most researchers have used a cross-sectional design during specific events and, therefore, have mainly identified acute injuries.Objective: To determine the prevalence of injuries by registering acute and overuse injuries in adolescent elite orienteerers over 26 weeks and to study the variation of injury prevalence over the season and the potential risk factors.Design: Cohort study. Setting: Two high schools in Sweden with national orienteering teams.Patients or Other Participants: All athletes (33 adolescent girls, 31 adolescent boys; age ¼ 17 6 1 years) from 2 high schools with orienteering teams.Main Outcome Measure(s): We used a weekly Web-based questionnaire to identify the incidence and prevalence of injuries and training variables. Risk factors for injury were calculated using multiple linear regression techniques.Results: The average weekly prevalence of overuse and acute injuries was 35.7% (95% confidence interval ¼ 34.8%, 36.6%) and 1.7% (95% confidence interval ¼ 1.3%, 2.1%), respectively; overuse injuries (78.0%, n ¼ 85) accounted for the majority. The incidence of acute and overuse injuries was highest for the foot/lower leg (48.6%, n ¼ 53), and 71.6% (n ¼ 78) of all injuries affected the foot/lower leg and knee area. Time to the first reported injury was associated with training volume (b ¼ 0.184, P ¼ .001), competition time (b ¼ À0.701, P ¼ .009), running on asphalt roads (b ¼À0.348, P ¼ .008), and running on forest surfaces and trails (b ¼À0.331, P ¼ .007), with a model fit of r 2 ¼ 0.50 (intercept ¼ 2.196, P , .001). During the study, we observed a weekly increase (0.3%) in the prevalence of overuse injuries in the foot/lower leg (r 2 ¼ 0.33, P ¼ .001); the highest prevalence (26.9%) was at the beginning of the competitive season.Conclusions: Overuse injuries, predominately in the foot/ lower leg area, were more common than acute injuries in adolescent elite orienteerers. These injuries had the highest prevalence at the beginning of the competitive season; therefore, this period can be seen as a possible risk factor for sustaining overuse injuries in the foot/lower leg.Key Words: athletes, runners, severity score, training load Key PointsOveruse injuries were more common than acute injuries in adolescent elite orienteerers. Overuse injuries most often affected the foot/lower leg area, with the highest prevalence occurring at the beginning of the competitive season. Training volume, competition time, running on asphalt roads, and running on forest surfaces and trails were associated with time to the first reported injury. Researchers should focus on establishing injury mechanisms affecting the foot, lower leg, and knee in adolescent elite orienteerers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Injuries and Associated Risk Factors Among Adolescent Elite Orienteerers: A 26-Week Prospective Registration Study

Rosen

Heijne

Frohm

2016

Journal of Athletic Training

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“…In sports with high proportions of overuse injuries such as cross-country, it may be beneficial to consider other models of injury surveillance. 15 …”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Last, it is possible that previous researchers 12 who examined only TL injuries may have recorded the same injury every instance it caused time loss. Other authors 15 have considered examining the prevalence of injuries, including conditions causing unspecified pain. Future work should involve methods to better track overuse injuries or conditions that result in pain or functional limitations independent of TL or injury diagnosis.…”

Section: Overuse and Ntl Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of National Collegiate Athletic Association Men's and Women's Cross-Country Injuries, 2009–2010 Through 2013–2014

Kerr

Kroshus

Grant

et al. 2016

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: Recent injury-surveillance data for collegiate-level cross-country athletes are limited.Objective: To describe the epidemiology of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) men's and women's crosscountry injuries during the 2009-2010 through 2013-2014 academic years.Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting: Aggregate injury and exposure data collected from 25 men's and 22 women's cross-country programs, providing 47 and 43 seasons of data, respectively.Patients or Other Participants: Collegiate student-athletes participating in men's and women's cross-country during the 2009-2010 through 2013-2014 academic years.Main Outcome Measure(s): Injury rates; injury rate ratios (RRs); injury proportions by body site, diagnosis, and apparatus; and injury proportion ratios were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: The Injury Surveillance Program captured 216 injuries from men's cross-country and 260 injuries from women's cross-country, leading to injury rates of 4.66/1000 athleteexposures (AEs) for men (95% CI ¼ 4.04, 5.28) and 5.85/1000 AEs for women (95% CI ¼ 5.14, 6.56). The injury rate in women's cross-country was 1.25 times that of men's cross-country (95% CI ¼ 1.05, 1.50). Most injuries affected the lower extremity (men ¼ 90.3%, women ¼ 81.9%). The hip/groin-injury rate in women (0.65/1000 AEs) was higher than that in men (0.15/1000 AEs; RR ¼ 4.32; 95% CI ¼ 1.89, 9.85). The ankle-injury rate in men (0.60/ 1000 AEs) was higher than that in women (0.29/1000 AEs; RR ¼ 2.07; 95% CI ¼ 1.07, 3.99). Common diagnoses were strains (men ¼ 19.9%, women ¼ 20.4%) and inflammation (men ¼ 18.1%, women ¼ 23.8%). The majority of injuries were classified as overuse (men ¼ 57.6%, women ¼ 53.3%).Conclusions: Consistent with prior research, injury distributions varied between male and female athletes, and the injury rate among females was higher. Understanding the epidemiology of these cross-country injuries may be important for developing appropriate preventive interventions.Key Words: injury prevention, collegiate sports, distance running Key PointsOur findings indicate a lower injury burden in men's and women's cross-country than previously reported. The injury rate in women's cross-country was 1.25 times that of men's cross-country. Most injuries affected the lower extremity and were diagnosed as strains and inflammation.

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“…Nonetheless, to support identification of risk factors, it will still be necessary to structure sports impairment concepts by causal mechanisms, and in particular to differentiate between discrete and enduring causal processes. Especially for documentation of sports impairment associated with overuse syndromes, the participants' self-reports of symptoms need to be included as an integral part of data collection frameworks, as has recently also been advocated by Clarsen et al [20]. Only in this way can knowledge be attained on how sensations of pain, discomfort, and loss of functioning are interpreted and related to damages to anatomical structures and physiological functions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is a Sports Injury?

et al. 2014

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Current sports injury reporting systems lack a common conceptual basis. We propose a conceptual foundation as a basis for the recording of health problems associated with participation in sports, based on the notion of impairment used by the World Health Organization. We provide definitions of sports impairment concepts to represent the perspectives of health services, the participants in sports and physical exercise themselves, and sports institutions. For each perspective, the duration of the causative event is used as the norm for separating concepts into those denoting impairment conditions sustained instantly and those developing gradually over time. Regarding sports impairment sustained in isolated events, 'sports injury' denotes the loss of bodily function or structure that is the object of observations in clinical examinations; 'sports trauma' is defined as an immediate sensation of pain, discomfort or loss of functioning that is the object of athlete self-evaluations; and 'sports incapacity' is the sidelining of an athlete because of a health evaluation made by a legitimate sports authority that is the object of time loss observations. Correspondingly, sports impairment caused by excessive bouts of physical exercise is denoted as 'sports disease' (overuse syndrome) when observed by health service professionals during clinical examinations, 'sports illness' when observed by the athlete in self-evaluations, and 'sports sickness' when recorded as time loss from sports participation by a sports body representative. We propose a concerted development effort in this area that takes advantage of concurrent ontology management resources and involves the international sporting community in building terminology systems that have broad relevance.

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The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center questionnaire on health problems: a new approach to prospective monitoring of illness and injury in elite athletes

Abstract: The new method was sensitive and valid in documenting the pattern of acute injuries, overuse injuries and illnesses in a large, heterogeneous group of athletes preparing for the Olympic and Paralympic Games.

Cited by 312 publications

References 33 publications

Injuries and Associated Risk Factors Among Adolescent Elite Orienteerers: A 26-Week Prospective Registration Study

Injuries and Associated Risk Factors Among Adolescent Elite Orienteerers: A 26-Week Prospective Registration Study

Epidemiology of National Collegiate Athletic Association Men's and Women's Cross-Country Injuries, 2009–2010 Through 2013–2014

What is a Sports Injury?

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