The Oslo and Bergen toll rings and road-building investment – Effect on traffic development and congestion

Lian, Jon Inge

doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2007.08.004

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…15 More recent examples include the City of Stockholm scheme, 16,17 Milan's zonal payment initiative was introduced at the beginning of 2008 18 and others were introduced in Oslo in 1990 and in Bergen in 1986. 19 There are many other road user charging systems in operation around the world, including area wide schemes and motorway tolling, primarily introduced with dual aims of raising revenue for road building/maintenance and reducing congestion. Relatively few schemes cite the environment specifically, although the aims of the Swiss scheme include a switch from heavy-goods vehicle (HGV) travel to rail to protect the Alpine region and include both a distance, weight, and Euro class based charge.…”

Section: Congestion Schemes Worldwidementioning

confidence: 99%

Traffic management strategies for emissions reduction: recent experience in London

Beevers¹,

Carslaw²,

Dajnak³

et al. 2016

EECT

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Air pollution strategies in London over the last 12 years have centered upon the congestion charging scheme, and at the same time, the fitting of particle traps to London buses, the low emissions zone (LEZ), and the Mayor's Air Quality Strategy (MAQS). The 2003 congestion charging scheme achieved much of the scheme's aims, but the demand to travel and the need for road space eroded the initial benefits. While fitting particle traps on buses was predicted to reduce particulate matter (PM) exhaust emissions, the introduction of phases 1 and 2 of the LEZ and MAQS strategies were both predicted to have modest emission impacts. Reliance on new Eurostandard vehicles to reduce emissions, and as a way of designing LEZs, has been problematic, with oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) emissions from diesel vehicles reducing less than predicted. Consequently, the UK has not met annual NO 2 European Union (EU) limit values, necessitating a time extension application. A mismatch between PM 10 ambient trends and emissions has also been reported, with the long-term performance of PM particle filters remaining an important question. Assessing London's traffic management schemes has relied upon emission inventories and dispersion models, and to date, there has been no confirmation of the effects of the schemes using ambient data, a challenging and important area of research. However, measurements of ambient NO x , NO 2 , ozone, PM species, and roadside vehicle emissions have all contributed to the improvement of road traffic emission inventories in London, and it remains important to undertake ambient monitoring to assess future schemes. Looking forward, the real-world emissions performance of Euro 6/VI vehicles, selective catalytic reduction, and the ultra-low emissions zone in London will play a critical role in meeting EU limit values for ambient NO 2 , and in light of the increasing health evidence of urban air pollution, policy makers should aim to reduce PM concentrations toward health-based World Health Organization guideline values.

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Section: Congestion Schemes Worldwidementioning

confidence: 99%

Traffic management strategies for emissions reduction: recent experience in London

Beevers¹,

Carslaw²,

Dajnak³

et al. 2016

EECT

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show abstract

“…From another point of view, [213] argue that the changing accessibility conditions may either foster metropolitan decentralization or strengthen urban core, according to the spatial distribution of the costs and benefits of congestion pricing, and the alternative modal choices of users. For the case of toll-financed road investment schemes, [224] found that they are likely associated with increased car ownership, urban sprawl and induced travel, especially in the absence of public transport investments.…”

Section: Wider Impacts Of Road Network Pricingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and evaluation of road pricing: state-of-the-art and methodological advances

2009

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“…In the case of toll-financed road investment schemes, the absence of sufficient public transport investments may encourage car ownership, urban sprawl and induced travel (Lian 2008). The relocation processes have feedback to the attractiveness and accessibility of the urban zones and regions.…”

Section: The Interplay Between Road Pricing and Public Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public transport and road pricing: a survey and simulation experiments

Tsekeris

Voß²

2010

Public Transp

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This paper examines the interrelationships between public transport and road pricing at both theoretical and empirical grounds. First, the main decision parameters of the interplay between road pricing and public transport are reviewed and appropriate methodological approaches are identified. A set of policies which aim at improving urban public transport ridership and reducing private vehicle use, are considered on the basis of a flexible consumer demand system and evaluated through simulation experiments. The experiments focus on the hypothetical implementation of a national distance-based road charging policy package in Greece. The simulation results indicate that a suitably designed policy package can significantly enhance modal split in favor of public transport without significantly increasing the level of road user charges. To be more specific, for a nation-wide scheme, a combination of an optimal vehicle-km charge (in terms of the optimal fuel price index share required to achieve the desired urban public transport expenditure share) with a half-fare policy results in a considerable reduction of the private vehicle expenditure share, but with a much lower level of road user charge. For the highly urbanized region of Attica, the imposition of the optimal vehicle-km charge per se (without affecting urban transit fares) can provide the largest benefits, in terms of considerably reducing private vehicle share and attaining the target level of urban public transport share.

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The Oslo and Bergen toll rings and road-building investment – Effect on traffic development and congestion

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

Traffic management strategies for emissions reduction: recent experience in London

Traffic management strategies for emissions reduction: recent experience in London

Design and evaluation of road pricing: state-of-the-art and methodological advances

Public transport and road pricing: a survey and simulation experiments

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