The Orton story

Orton, June L.

doi:10.1007/bf02653602

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The Romans introduced sweet apples into Europe at a time at which the Europeans were undoubtedly already making cider from the tannin-rich fruits of the native M. sylvestris [35] , [72] . Cider is not typical of Asia [35] , but it was widespread in Europe by the time of Charlemagne (9 th century, [73] ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insight into the History of Domesticated Apple: Secondary Contribution of the European Wild Apple to the Genome of Cultivated Varieties

Cornille

Gladieux

Smulders³

et al. 2012

PLoS Genet

340

425

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The apple is the most common and culturally important fruit crop of temperate areas. The elucidation of its origin and domestication history is therefore of great interest. The wild Central Asian species Malus sieversii has previously been identified as the main contributor to the genome of the cultivated apple (Malus domestica), on the basis of morphological, molecular, and historical evidence. The possible contribution of other wild species present along the Silk Route running from Asia to Western Europe remains a matter of debate, particularly with respect to the contribution of the European wild apple. We used microsatellite markers and an unprecedented large sampling of five Malus species throughout Eurasia (839 accessions from China to Spain) to show that multiple species have contributed to the genetic makeup of domesticated apples. The wild European crabapple M. sylvestris, in particular, was a major secondary contributor. Bidirectional gene flow between the domesticated apple and the European crabapple resulted in the current M. domestica being genetically more closely related to this species than to its Central Asian progenitor, M. sieversii. We found no evidence of a domestication bottleneck or clonal population structure in apples, despite the use of vegetative propagation by grafting. We show that the evolution of domesticated apples occurred over a long time period and involved more than one wild species. Our results support the view that self-incompatibility, a long lifespan, and cultural practices such as selection from open-pollinated seeds have facilitated introgression from wild relatives and the maintenance of genetic variation during domestication. This combination of processes may account for the diversification of several long-lived perennial crops, yielding domestication patterns different from those observed for annual species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insight into the History of Domesticated Apple: Secondary Contribution of the European Wild Apple to the Genome of Cultivated Varieties

Cornille

Gladieux

Smulders³

et al. 2012

PLoS Genet

340

425

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“…According to the thermionic theory [6,7] the conductivity of semiconductor devices is related to the capability of conduction band electrons to exceed double surface Schottky barriers that form at the interface between grains. The conductivity is thermally activated by the mean voltage barrier value…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micromachined gas sensors for environmental pollutants

Faglia

Comini

Pardo

et al. 1999

Microsystem Technologies

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An Au doped tin oxide thin ®lm was deposited as base material for carbon monoxide detection over a micromachined substrate. The performances of a recent technique to heat the device, named fast pulsed temperature supply, are presented. This technique exploits the property that, due to the very low thermal mass of the membrane, the term required to reach steady state conditions is very short (about 40 ms). The sensor heater is periodically supplied for very short terms, hundred of milliseconds, and kept off for long ones, seconds or more. Besides a strong reduction of power consumption compared with isothermal characterization, an increase of sensitivity is observed. Different shapes of the heating wave were examined and results are summarized and compared.

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“…67 When Criterion Theatre management forwarded Orton a letter from an angry Loot spectator, "Edna" wrote back with an invitation to visit the Lord Chamberlain together. 68 Aunt Edna represents another example of Orton vandalizing other playwrights' regulatory characters, but if inside the theater these characters menaced, outside of it they merely whinged. The biggest difference between Lady Bracknell and Aunt Edna isn't in the tenor of her contempt but in the power she wields.…”

Section: Edward Gibbon's the History Of The Decline And Fall Of The Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Public Library Prankster to Playwright: Joe Orton and Postwar Britain's Nanny State

Franks¹

2017

Book History

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The Orton story

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

New Insight into the History of Domesticated Apple: Secondary Contribution of the European Wild Apple to the Genome of Cultivated Varieties

New Insight into the History of Domesticated Apple: Secondary Contribution of the European Wild Apple to the Genome of Cultivated Varieties

Micromachined gas sensors for environmental pollutants

From Public Library Prankster to Playwright: Joe Orton and Postwar Britain's Nanny State

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