The orthogonal-transfer array: a new CCD architecture for astronomy

Burke, Barry E.; Tonry, J.; Cooper, Michael; Jacoby, George H.; Bredthauer, Richard; Boggs, Kasey; Lesser, Michael P.; Onaka, Peter M.; Young, Douglas; Doherty, Peter; Craig, David

doi:10.1117/12.562490

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…5 It was also predicted that pixel sizes below about 12 µm might result in a reduced yield, 5 so both 10 µm and 12 µm devices were produced, originally. However, there was no difference in yield, so subsequent lots produced at Lincoln Lab have had only 10 µm pixels, the desired size for Pan-STARRS.…”

Section: Low Cost and High Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been no apparent yield losses due to this decision, despite early concerns. 5 Since silicon becomes more and more transparent redward of 900 nm, another effect of the metal is that the reflection off of the metal becomes visible. The images above show the left-most 60 columns of a device where the first 19 columns are covered with metal.…”

Section: Metal Over Gatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Results from the Pan-STARRS Orthogonal Transfer Array (OTA)

et al. 2008

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The Pan-STARRS project has completed its first 1.4 gigapixel mosaic focalplane CCD camera using 60 Orthogonal Transfer Arrays (OTAs). The devices are the second of a series of planned development lots. Several novel properties were implemented into their design including 4 phase pixels for on-detector tip-tilt image compensation, selectable region logic for standby or active operation, relatively high output amplifier count, close four side buttable packaging and deep depletion construction. The testing and operational challenges of deploying these OTAs required enhancements and new approaches to hardware and software. We compare performance achieved with that which was predicted, and discuss on-sky results, tools developed, shortcomings, and plans for future OTA features and improvements.

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Section: Low Cost and High Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metal Over Gatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Results from the Pan-STARRS Orthogonal Transfer Array (OTA)

et al. 2008

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“…This MOTA was included in the wafer layout and has advanced control features of future interest. Inclusion of MOTA structures allows the novel nature of the OTCCD devices to be explored while respecting the compressed schedule for device deliveries [6], [7].…”

Section: Cid Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Voltage CMOS control interface for astronomy—Grade charged coupled devices

et al. 2008

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The Pan-STARRS telescope consists of an array of smaller mirrors viewed by a Gigapixel arrays of CCDs. These focal planes employ Orthogonal Transfer CCDs (OTCCDs) to allow on-chip image stabilization. Each OTCCD has advanced logic features that are controlled externally. A CMOS Interface Device for High Voltage has been developed to provide the appropiate voltage signal levels from a readout and control system designated STARGRASP. OTCCD chip output levels range from -3.3V to 16.7V, with two different output drive strengths required depending on load capacitance (50pF and 1000pF), with 24mA of drive and a rise time on the order of 100ns. Additional testing Wilkinson ADC structures have been included in this chip to evaluate future functional additions for a next version of the chip.

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“…An earlier paper was presented at this conference in 2009 5 . The camera uses 64 Orthogonal Transfer Arrays (OTA) detectors which are capable of compensating for image movement caused mainly by the Earth's atmosphere but also from guider/rotator errors and telescope shake 6,7 . These detectors are the STA2200A CCDs which have been designed and fabricated by Semiconductor Technology Associates, Inc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of orthogonal transfer array CCDs for the WIYN one degree imager

et al. 2012

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The WIYN One Degree Imager (ODI) will provide a one degree field of view for the WIYN 3.5 m telescope located on Kitt Peak near Tucson, Arizona. Its focal plane consists of an 8x8 grid of Orthogonal Transfer Array (OTA) CCD detectors. These detectors are the STA2200 OTA CCDs designed and fabricated by Semiconductor Technology Associates, Inc. and backside processed at the University of Arizona Imaging Technology Laboratory. Several lot runs of the STA2200 detectors have been fabricated. We have backside processed devices from these different lots and provide detector performance characterization, including noise, CTE, cosmetics, quantum efficiency, and some orthogonal transfer characteristics. We discuss the performance differences for the devices with different silicon thickness and resistivity. A fully buttable custom detector package has been developed for this project which allows hybridization of the silicon detectors directly onto an aluminum nitride substrate with an embedded pin grid array. This package is mounted on a silicon-aluminum alloy which provides a flat imaging surface of less than 20 microns peakvalley at the -100 C operating temperature. Characterization of the package performance, including low temperature profilometry, is described in this paper.

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The orthogonal-transfer array: a new CCD architecture for astronomy

Cited by 18 publications

References 8 publications

Results from the Pan-STARRS Orthogonal Transfer Array (OTA)

Results from the Pan-STARRS Orthogonal Transfer Array (OTA)

High Voltage CMOS control interface for astronomy—Grade charged coupled devices

Characterization of orthogonal transfer array CCDs for the WIYN one degree imager

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