The Orphans of Eritrea: A Comparison Study

Wolff, Peter H.; Tesfai, B.; Egasso, H.; Aradomt, Tesfay

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01315.x

Cited by 6 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Crianças com vivência de guerra apresentaram um resultado inesperado para os pesquisadores: notaram-se pontuações melhores em inteligência e linguagem nas crianças órfãs institucionalizadas em comparação com crianças refugiadas com suas famílias 49 . É importante salientar que não foram mensuradas as situações de violência a que ambos os grupos foram expostos antes da guerra, ou seja, situações de abuso físico, sexual e negligência podem ter ocorrido e influenciado no desenvolvimento das funções cognitivas.…”

Section: Aspectos Neuropsicológicos Relacionados à Vivência De Rua E unclassified

“…Outro aspecto importante a ser observado é a ausência de dificuldades cognitivas específicas esperadas para alguns indivíduos com histórico de EEP 28,35,49 . Apesar da possível influência de dificuldades metodológicas em alguns resultados, estudos recentes apontam a existência de fatores de resiliência, que podem atenuar o impacto negativo de situações estressantes no desenvolvimento.…”

Section: Limitações Metodológicas E Perspectivas Para Novos Estudosunclassified

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Estudos neuropsicológicos e de neuroimagem associados ao estresse emocional na infância e adolescência

Oliveira

Scivoletto

Cunha

2010

Rev. psiquiatr. clín.

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ResumoContexto: A infância e a adolescência são períodos relevantes para a maturação do cérebro. Experiências no começo da vida exercem influência em padrões de comportamentos da vida adulta. Objetivo: Analisar estudos neuropsicológicos e de neuroimagem associados ao estresse emocional na infância e adolescência que foram publicados na literatura nos últimos 20 anos Métodos: Revisão da literatura na base de dados Medline/PubMed com os termos relacionados à neuropsicologia, neuroimagem e vivência de abandono, violência doméstica, abuso físico, abuso sexual e negligência. Resultados: Foram encontrados 607 artigos, dos quais 19 foram selecionados para análise por se adequarem ao tema proposto. Apesar das divergências entre eles, há evidências de que grupos com experiência de estresse emocional precoce (EEP) apresentam prejuízos em funções neurocognitivas como atenção, inteligência, linguagem, funções executivas e tomada de decisões, assim como alterações no hipocampo, corpo caloso, córtex pré-frontal e córtex cingulado anterior. A ocorrência de transtornos psiquiátricos e de alterações comportamentais também é relevante nesses indivíduos. Conclusões: Em virtude da diversidade de efeitos negativos do EEP no desenvolvimento neuropsicológico, considera-se fundamental a realização de pesquisas sistematizadas que possam nortear a elaboração de estratégias de diagnóstico e tratamento específicas, além da implementação de políticas públicas de prevenção à violência na infância e adolescência.Oliveira PA, et al. / Rev Psiq Clín. 2010;37(6):260-9 Palavras-chave: Crianças, adolescentes, neuropsicologia, estresse. Literature review of the Medline/PubMed database with the terms related to neuropsychology, neuroimaging, abandonment experience, domestic violence, physical and sexual abuse and neglect. Results: 607 articles were found but only 19 fit with the proposed subject and were selected. Despite the differences between the studies, there is evidence that groups with experience of early emotional stress show losses in neurocognitive functions such as attention, intelligence, language, executive functions, and decision-making, as well as changes in hippocampus, corpus callosum prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex. The occurrence of psychiatric disorders and behavioral disorders were also relevant in these individuals. Discussion: Considering many negative consequences that early stress can cause in neuropsychological and mental development, there is a need for more research on the topic in order to develop specific strategies for diagnosis and treatment, besides the implementation of public policies for violence prevention in childhood and adolescence, especially in developing countries.

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Section: Aspectos Neuropsicológicos Relacionados à Vivência De Rua E unclassified

Section: Limitações Metodológicas E Perspectivas Para Novos Estudosunclassified

Estudos neuropsicológicos e de neuroimagem associados ao estresse emocional na infância e adolescência

Oliveira

Scivoletto

Cunha

2010

Rev. psiquiatr. clín.

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“…These were an evaluation of a psychosocial intervention for Bosnian refugees (Dybdahl, 2001a, b); an evaluation of two different psychosocial interventions for Sudanese refugees in Ethiopia (Paardekoper, 2002); and the evaluation of a reorganised orphanage for Eritrean refugees (Wolff et al, 1995a, b;Wolff & Fesseha, 1999). We summarise all three studies below.…”

Section: A Systematic Review: Methods Adopted In the Eppi Children Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wolff et al (1995a, b;Wolff & Fesseha, 1999) compared psychosocial and cognitive functioning of a stratified sample of orphans aged 3-8 living in an orphanage in remote Eritrean highlands with that in a similar sample of children living with their parents in a nearby refugee camp. Two years previously the orphanage had been reorganised along child-centred and family-group lines, and its young inmates now played an active part in its running.…”

Section: Internally Displaced Orphans In Eritreamentioning

confidence: 99%

Working with Young Children Who are Victims of Armed Conflict

Lloyd

Penn

2010

Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood

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Young children are particularly vulnerable to war and armed conflict. Although the longterm priority is always to try to unravel and reduce violence and conflict, in the short term some interventions may reduce suffering. In this article the authors report on recent evidence on psychosocial interventions designed to mitigate the impact of armed conflict on young children's development. A systematic review method was used to explore evaluations of interventions addressing the cognitive and psychosocial development of young children directly affected by armed conflict. In general the literature suggests therapeutic interventions drawing on the concept of post-traumatic stress disorder run the risk of imposing cultural norms from the global North. In contrast, more general psychosocial interventions and normalisation routines are likely to be more effective. But recent reviews also suggest that evaluation of interventions with children affected by armed conflict is weak. More robust evidence is badly needed.

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“…Although most societies have traditions to care for parentless children in the absence of blood relations (Mirza, 2006), communities may be less able to care for children in the immediate aftermath of widespread destruction, like the Rwandan genocide (Dyregrov et al, 2000;Mirza, 2006). Instead, group care may be an option while communities rebuild and recover, as it can foster social and cognitive development, as noted by research with Eritrean orphans (Wolff, Tesfai, Egasso, & Aradom, 1995), and meets basic needs, as noted in Rwanda (Dyregrov et al, 2000). For unaccompanied minors moving to settlement countries, caregiving arrangements vary depending on host country and can range from placement in group homes, shared apartments, to foster homes.…”

Section: Bonds and Attachmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying the ADAPT Psychosocial Model to War-Affected Children and Adolescents

Yohani

2015

Sage Open

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Multiple individual, social, and environmental factors have long been recognized as influencing a child’s response to traumatic experiences. However, there remain few socio-ecological frameworks to guide researchers and practitioners working with war-affected children. This article examines Silove’s psychosocial model of adaptation and development after trauma and persecution (ADAPT model) in relation to war-affected children. The utility of the model is explored by examining whether the systems of safety, attachment, identity, justice, and existential meaning described in the ADAPT model are represented in a narrative review of research from the last 20 years on the experiences of war-affected children and adolescents. Results suggest that research with war-affected children has covered all five psychosocial pillars in the model, but with overemphasis on the safety, followed by the attachment, domains. This review highlights that need for research and psychosocial interventions that focus on adaptation of war-affected children’s identity development, sense of justice, and meaning systems.

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The Orphans of Eritrea: A Comparison Study

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Estudos neuropsicológicos e de neuroimagem associados ao estresse emocional na infância e adolescência

Estudos neuropsicológicos e de neuroimagem associados ao estresse emocional na infância e adolescência

Working with Young Children Who are Victims of Armed Conflict

Applying the ADAPT Psychosocial Model to War-Affected Children and Adolescents

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