The origins of the universe: why is there something rather than nothing?

Abstract

Perhaps the greatest mystery is why the universe exists in the first place. How is it possible for something to emerge from nothing, or has a universe in some form always existed? This question of origins-both of the universe as a whole and of the fundamental laws of physics-raises profound scientific, philosophical, and religious questions, culminating in the most basic existential question of all: Why are we here? Discussion of this and related questions is presented in this paper.

Rethinking Energy Conservation and Generation for Sustainable Solutions-An Innovative Energy Circuitry Approach

“…Energy conservation is not merely a convention but a fundamental principle [16,24]. Energy is inseparable from the essence of the universe, and attempts to generate energy from nothing contradict current cosmological understanding [25,[27][28][29]. The scientific community generally considers such efforts futile and flawed.…”

“…The prevalent misconceptions surrounding the generation of energy without external sources are scrutinized in this paper from both scientific and philosophical perspectives. One common misunderstanding challenges the fundamental philosophical principle asserting that "something cannot come from nothing [25][26][27][28][29][30]". It is argued that reconciling the creation of energy within a closed system with this philosophical tenet is essential.…”

Rethinking Energy Conservation and Generation for Sustainable Solutions-An Innovative Energy Circuitry Approach

“…𝐼 𝐿 (0) = 𝐼 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑖𝑡 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡 (26) Substituting 𝑡 = 0 and equation ( 26) into equation ( 25), we then solve for 𝐶 as follows; 𝐼 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑖𝑡 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡 = 1 𝐿 (0 − 0) + 𝐶, which reduces to equation (27).…”

“…2 prevalent misunderstanding lies in the notion that the creation of energy without dependence on external sources defies the fundamental philosophical principle that "something cannot come from nothing [25][26][27][28][29][30]." This paper underscores the necessity of reconciling the generation of energy within a closed system with this philosophical tenet.…”

Untitled

“…In one of them, the universe emerges in a single instant of creation, and in another, the universe is eternal, consisting of an infinite series of cycles (Wolchover, 2018). Despite inherent complexities and geographic limitations associated with such primal myths, they have had an intricate relationship with religious beliefs, traditions, and sanctity (Paulson et al, 2015b).…”