The origins of the sampling theorem

Lüke, Hans Dieter

doi:10.1109/35.755459

Cited by 144 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Conceptually, the limitations of temporal data resolution on signal detection have long been described within the context of the 'sampling theorem' developed within communications science [20]. That theorem can be paraphrased as: detecting a signal is limited to situations where the sampling frequency is at least twice the signal frequency.…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pop-up satellite archival tag (PSAT) temporal data resolution affects interpretations of spawning behaviour of a commercially important teleost

et al. 2017

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Background:The effects of temporal data resolution on the interpretation of fish behaviours are questions fundamental to research programs using electronic tags with finite data storage and data transmission capacities. However, understanding these effects requires sub-sampling high-resolution data at multiple temporal resolutions. In pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs), data transmissions via satellite are limited, so temporal resolution is a decreasing function of the deployment duration. Physical recovery of PSATs overcomes this limitation, providing data on temperature, depth, etc., at rates at least 15-30 times greater than transmitted data.Results: Using PSATs physically recovered from Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus), we evaluated the effects of data resolution (2, 30, 60 min) on interpreting vertical movements including rapid ascents during the expected spawning season. Putative 'spawning rises' of 6-20 min were only present within highest temporal resolution data. Vertical movement rates during spawning rises identified with high-resolution data exceeded rates in all other periods; such movement rates were virtually absent in all other tagged fish within the spawning period. Mean maximum ascent rates were 13 and 23 times higher when the sampling interval was 2 versus 30 or 60 min, respectively. Conclusions:We illustrate the limitations of using satellite-transmitted data to quantify vertical movement rates and detect potential spawning events in marine teleosts. Such low temporal resolution data suggest spurious results by masking important behaviours that archived data reveal as occurring at high frequencies. We highlight new technologies that facilitate PSAT recoveries at sea to overcome these limitations and facilitate analyses of high-frequency archived data.

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Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pop-up satellite archival tag (PSAT) temporal data resolution affects interpretations of spawning behaviour of a commercially important teleost

et al. 2017

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“…In the case of the above microwave experiment the modulations at the distance of 15 cm away from Figure 12: Historical picture of a multiplex transmission system Ref. [28].…”

Section: Partial Reflection By Photonic Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superluminal Tunneling Devices

Nimtz

2003

The Physics of Communication

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Photonic tunneling permits superluminal signal transmission. The principle of causality is not violated but the time duration between cause and effect can be shortened compared with an interaction exchange with velocity of light. This outstanding property can be applied to speed-up photonic signal modulation and transmission as well as to improve micro-electronic devices. Superluminal photonic signal transmission have been presented at microwave and infrared frequencies already. Presumably superluminal photonic and electronic devices can become reality having in mind the experimental evidence of the universal tunneling time of photons and of electrons.

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“…Since the temporal frequency spectrum (Fig. 8.4), a brain motion acquisition interval of 0.05 s within a cardiac cycle is sufficient to meet the Nyquist-Shannon sampling criterion [22,23]. However, the temporal discretization of the governing equations requires much smaller time steps, which necessitates a temporal interpolation of the acquired brain motion data.…”

Section: Obtaining Boundary Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Fluid Dynamics for the Assessment of Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow and Its Coupling with Cerebral Blood Flow

Kurtcuoglu

2011

Biomechanics of the Brain

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The dynamics of cerebrospinal fluid flow are directly linked to those of the cardiovascular system. The heart not only drives blood flow, but is also at the origin of CSF pulsation through the expansion and contraction of cerebral blood vessels. As was detailed in the preceding chapter, CSF dynamics can be altered by diseases and conditions such as hydrocephalus and, in turn, CSF dynamics can be analyzed to aid in the diagnosis of these. Bulk models describing intracranial fluid dynamics and punctual flow measurements using MRI have thus become important tools for this purpose.The strength of bulk models is that they are computationally inexpensive. Simulations performed with such models and processing of the results generally do not require high-performance computing (HPC) resources and can be carried out very quickly on common personal computers. This is currently a prerequisite for application in clinical settings, where typically no access to HPC infrastructure is available. In terms of applicability, the hunger for computer power is the main differentiator between bulk models and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models of intracranial dynamics. Unlike the bulk approach, however, CFD models can provide spatially resolved information on flow, pressure and mass transport, which opens the door to subject-specific calculations of intracranial dynamics based on medical imaging data. This chapter elucidates current approaches to CFD modeling of cerebrospinal fluid flow and its interaction with blood flow.The development of CFD was driven by the lack of analytical solutions for the Navier-Stokes (NS) equations that describe momentum conservation in Newtonian

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The origins of the sampling theorem

Cited by 144 publications

References 8 publications

Pop-up satellite archival tag (PSAT) temporal data resolution affects interpretations of spawning behaviour of a commercially important teleost

Pop-up satellite archival tag (PSAT) temporal data resolution affects interpretations of spawning behaviour of a commercially important teleost

Superluminal Tunneling Devices

Computational Fluid Dynamics for the Assessment of Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow and Its Coupling with Cerebral Blood Flow

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