The origins of rare earths in metalliferous sediments of the Troodos Massif. Cyprus

Robertson, Alastair H.F.; Fleet, Andrew

doi:10.1016/0012-821x(76)90200-4

Cited by 76 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…8) were observed in the hydrothermal pyrite that was oxidized by seawater near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Bonatti, Honnorez-Guerstein et al, 1976). The maximum REE content and the typical seawater distribution pattern are reported from the East Pacific Rise metalliferous sediments and Cyprus ochres and umbers (Piper and Graef, 1974;Piper, 1974;Robertson and Fleet, 1976), which are supposed to be precipitated directly from open seawater (Fig. 16, no.…”

Section: Minor Elementsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…(1 = smectites with low rare-earth element concentrations from Galapagos hydrothermal mounds (average of three samples); 2 = Fe-rich hydrothermally derived product from northeast Pacific [Piper et al, 1975]; 3 = vein smectites from Hole 504B basalts, Costa Rica Rift (Sharaskin et al, in press); 4 = Mn-enriched sediments, Malinelo deposit, Italy [Bonatti, Zerbi, et al, 1976]; 5 = Fe-Mn oxide sediment from Galapagos mounds; 6 = lower Mn crusts of Galapagos mounds; 7 = Fe-rich smectites of Galapagos mounds; 8 = oxidized hydrothermal pyrite concretions from Romanch deep (Bonatti, Honnorez-Guerstein, et al, 1976); 9 = upper manganese crusts of Galapagos mounds; 10 = metalliferous sediments from the East Pacific Rise [Piper and Graef, 1974]; 11 = metalliferous sediments of Troodos massif, Cyprus [Robertson and Fleet, 1976].) …”

Section: Minor Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Major and Minor Elements in Hydrothermal and Pelagic Sediments of the Galapagos Mounds Area, Leg 70, Deep Sea Drilling Project

Migdisov¹,

Gradusov²,

Bredanova³

et al. 1983

Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project

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Section: Minor Elementsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Minor Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major and Minor Elements in Hydrothermal and Pelagic Sediments of the Galapagos Mounds Area, Leg 70, Deep Sea Drilling Project

Migdisov¹,

Gradusov²,

Bredanova³

et al. 1983

Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project

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“…Submarine weathering at 10\~temperature may alter the surface REE contents of igneous rocks (HU1IPHRIS, 1983) but is unlikely to have a major impact on the water-column inventory. Among authigenic REE-bearing minerals like calcareous oozes (SPIRli, 1965) phosphori tes (ALTSCHULER, 1980) barites (GUICHARD et al,1979) phillipsite (BERNAT, 1975) montmori 11 oni tes or smecti tes (COURTOIS & HOFFERT, 1977) ocean-ridge metalliferous sediments (ROBERTSON &FLEET, 1976;TOTH, 1980; ferromanganese nodules cherts (SHIMIZU &MASUDA, 1977) only phosphori tes ,some meta11 iferous sediments and nodul es consi stently have higher REE levels than shales. Given the 'contamination' problems, all other minerals with REE levels around those of shales would yield little information on water column processes.…”

Section: }mentioning

confidence: 99%

The marine geochemistry of the rare earth elements

Baar¹

1983

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Novel methods were developed for the determination of 12 of the 14 Rare Earth Elements (REE) in seawater. Initial extractions of the REE by chelating ion exchange chromatography is followed by cation exchange for removal of co-extracted U and remaining traces of major ions. Finally traces of U are removed by anion exchange before irradiation for 8 hours at a flux of 5 x 10 13 neutrons.cm~2.sec-l. After post-irradiation separation of 24Na , the gamma spectra are recorded over four different time intervals with a Ge(Li) detector •. An internal standard (144Ce ) is carried all along the procedure for improved precision by avoidance of counting geometry errors.Vertical profiles are reported for three stations in respectively the Northwest Atlantic Ocean, the Eastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean and the Cariaco Trench, an anoxic basin. This data set represents the first detailed profiles of Pr, Tb, Ho, Tm and Lu in seawater, together with profiles of La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd and Yb. The first observations of positive Ce anomalies in seawater are ascribed to regeneration of Ce under reducing conditions. The first reported positive Gd anomalies are ascribed to the unique chemical properties of the Gd(III)-cation, which has an exactly half-filled 4f electron shell.Concentrations of the REE range from 0.3 pmol.kg-l (Lu) to 86 pmol.kg-l (Ce) and are among the lowest reported so far for trace elements in seawater. The REE as a group typically exhibit a quasi-linear increase with depth. In the deep water there appears to be some degree of correlation with silicate. Concentration levels in the deep Pacific Ocean are 2-4 times those in deep Atlantic waters. Ce has an opposite behaviour, with very strong depletions in deep Pacific waters. In the Cariaco Trench all REE, but especially Ce, are strongly affected by the chemical changes across the oxic/anoxic interface. Distributions of the dissolved REE in ocean waters seem to be dominated by their internal cycling within the ocean basins. With a few notable exceptions, the ultimate external sources (riverine, aeolian, hydrothermal) and sinks (authigenic minerals) appear to have little impact on the spatial distribution of the REE in oceanic water masses. Analogies with distributions of other properties within the oceans suggest that the REE as a group are controlled by two simultaneous processes: A) cycling like or identical to opal and calcium-carbonate, with circumstantial evidence in suport of the latter as a possible carrier. B) adsorptive scavenging, possibly by manganese-oxide phases on settling particles. The latter mechanism is strongly supported by the parallels between REE(III) speciation in seawater and the 'typical 1 seawater REE pattern. This general correspondence is highlighted by the very distinct excursions of Gd in both Gd(III) speciation and the observed seawater REE patterns.Combination of both apparent mechanisms, for instance scavenging of REE by adsorptive coatings (Mn oxides) on settling skeletal material, is very well conceivable. Upon dissolution of t...

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“…Fig. 8 shows that the submarine hydrothermal solutions also exhibit a pronounced Goldberg et al, 1963;Hegdahl et al, 1968;Elderfield and Greaves, 1982;Klinkhammer et al, 1983;Michard and Albar~de, 1986;Greaves et al, 1991 ), ofhydrothermal vent fluids from the East Pacific Rise (Michard et al, 1983;Michard and Albar~de, 1986), of volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits (ancient: Graf, 1977;Whitford et al, 1988--modern: Barrett et al, 1990, and of ochres from Cyprus (Robertson and Fleet, 1976). The REE pattern of a typical mid-ocean ridge basalt is plotted for comparison (thick solid line=data from Ludden and Thompson, 1979).…”

Section: Submarine Hydrothermal Vent Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fe-rich, Mn-depleted sediments, known as ochres, occur above some ancient sulfide orebodies on Cyprus and are the products of in situ submarine sulfide oxidation (Robertson and Fleet, 1976); they tend to be enriched in many REE relative to the massive sulfide deposits shown in Fig. 8.…”

Section: Excesses Of H2smentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport and deposition of REE in H2S-rich fluids: evidence from accessory mineral assemblages

Gieré

1993

Chemical Geology

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It is shown in four examples from geologically different environments that accessory or minor minerals rich in rare-earth elements (REE) are often texturally associated with base-metal sulfides. The examples demonstrate that REE can migrate in hydrothermal fluids containing large amounts of reduced sulfur (S -n) species, i.e. H2S, HS-and S 2-. In certain fluids complexes of REE with S -II species may be important for the REE transport, but most probably only in the absence of other strong ligands such as fluoride, carbonate or possibly phosphate. Textural relationships and geochemical data suggest that the formation of REE-bearing minerals in s-n-rich environments is genetically related to the precipitation of basemetal sulfides.

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The origins of rare earths in metalliferous sediments of the Troodos Massif. Cyprus

Cited by 76 publications

References 27 publications

Major and Minor Elements in Hydrothermal and Pelagic Sediments of the Galapagos Mounds Area, Leg 70, Deep Sea Drilling Project

Major and Minor Elements in Hydrothermal and Pelagic Sediments of the Galapagos Mounds Area, Leg 70, Deep Sea Drilling Project

The marine geochemistry of the rare earth elements

Transport and deposition of REE in H2S-rich fluids: evidence from accessory mineral assemblages

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