2013
DOI: 10.1177/0038040713514063
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The Origins of Race-conscious Affirmative Action in Undergraduate Admissions

Abstract: What explains the rise of race-conscious affirmative action policies in undergraduate admissions? The dominant theory posits that adoption of such policies was precipitated by urban and campus unrest in the North during the late 1960s. Based on primary research in a sample of 17 selective schools, we find limited support for the dominant theory. Affirmative action arose in two distinct waves during the 1960s. A first wave was launched in the early 1960s by northern college administrators inspired by nonviolent… Show more

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Cited by 56 publications
(13 citation statements)
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“…In the first half of the twentieth century, selective colleges turned toward quantified assessments of academic merit to identify promising (white) students from less affluent backgrounds (Lemann 1999). Inspired by the civil rights movements of the early 1960s, some selective colleges also began to engage in programs of affirmative action to increase the enrollment of nonwhite students (Stulberg and Chen 2014). These practices spread such that by the mid-1990s, approximately 60 percent of selective colleges claimed to consider race in admissions (Hirschman and Berrey 2017).…”
Section: Affirmative Action In College Admissionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…In the first half of the twentieth century, selective colleges turned toward quantified assessments of academic merit to identify promising (white) students from less affluent backgrounds (Lemann 1999). Inspired by the civil rights movements of the early 1960s, some selective colleges also began to engage in programs of affirmative action to increase the enrollment of nonwhite students (Stulberg and Chen 2014). These practices spread such that by the mid-1990s, approximately 60 percent of selective colleges claimed to consider race in admissions (Hirschman and Berrey 2017).…”
Section: Affirmative Action In College Admissionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Like some peer institutions, Michigan began pursuing a policy of intentionally recruiting minority (especially Black) students in the mid-1960s (Stulberg and Chen 2014). At the time, Black students represented just .1 percent of the student body.…”
Section: Affirmative Action In College Admissionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Race-conscious admissions practices were first voluntarily adopted in the early 1960s by prestigious universities in the north, where top administrators took inspiration from the Southern civil rights movement's challenge to deep-seated racial inequalities (Stulberg and Chen 2014). By 1972, affirmative admissions for black students was commonly practiced at predominantly white selective colleges and universities (Grodsky 2007).…”
Section: The Institutionalization and Contested Legitimacy Of Affirmamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Scholarly attention has largely mirrored these political and legal controversies. The organizational research literature on race-conscious admissions policies has focused on the most elite private and public institutions (Lipson 2001;Lipson 2007;Berrey 2015;Hirschman, Berrey, and Rose-Greenland 2016), which were the first to adopt race-conscious admissions (Karabel 2005;Stulberg and Chen 2014). With a handful of exceptions (e.g., Grodsky and Kalogrides 2008), this research tends to infer the logic of the entire field of higher education from analyses of the admissions practices of elite institutions.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Scholarly attention has largely mirrored these political and legal controversies. The organizational research literature on race-conscious admissions policies has focused on the most elite private and public institutions (Lipson 2001;Lipson 2007;Berrey 2015;Hirschman, Berrey, and Rose-Greenland 2016), which were the first to adopt race-conscious admissions (Karabel 2005;Stulberg and Chen 2014). With a handful of exceptions (e.g., Grodsky and Kalogrides 2008), this research tends to infer the logic of the entire field of higher education from analyses of the admissions practices of elite institutions.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%