The Origins of Fruits, Fruit Growing, and Fruit Breeding

Janick, Jules

doi:10.1002/9780470650301.ch8

Cited by 126 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Phylogeny of Rosaceae was based on four chloroplast DNA sequences and on the nuclear internal transcribed spacer region. The data set included 6,308 positions in 85 operational taxonomic units, each representing one genus, aligned by a Bayesian method 68 69 . Twenty-three genes were resequenced and, after alignment 67 , a concatenated 11,300-bp multilocus sequence was generated for each accession.…”

Section: Competing Financial Interestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genome of the domesticated apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)

et al. 2010

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Section: Competing Financial Interestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genome of the domesticated apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)

et al. 2010

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“…In this study, the change of SPI for both cultivars showed substantial variations during the maturation, with the earlier and more progressive change in GD and a slow and delayed change in CP. Fruit quality such as at-harvest fruit firmness and postharvest storability are generally associated with fruit maturation patterns and harvest seasons [53]. The ripening time of apple fruit is a simple but important phenotype with practical and economic implications, but the genetic controls and molecular regulations behind this trait are still largely elusive.…”

Section: Physiological Characterization Of Fruit Maturation Progressimentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcript Profiles of Auxin Efflux Carrier and IAA-Amido Synthetase Genes Suggest the Role of Auxin on Apple (<i>Malus</i> × <i>domestica</i>) Fruit Maturation Patterns

Shin¹,

Lee²,

Rudell³

et al. 2015

AJPS

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Auxin has been suggested to play an essential role in regulating apple fruit maturation and ripening, though the molecular function of auxin and its interaction with ethylene during apple fruit development are largely unknown. To understand the function of auxin during apple fruit maturation and ripening, auxin efflux carrier and IAA-amido synthetase encoding genes were identified from the apple genome based on the results of previous microarray analysis. The expression patterns of these genes were analyzed using qRT-PCR during 10 -12 weeks of fruit maturation for two apple cultivars: "Golden Delicious" (GD) and "Cripps Pink" (CP), which have the distinct patterns of maturation progression. Our results showed that the expressions of auxin efflux carrier and IAA-amido synthetase genes have a correlation with the timing of ethylene biosynthesis pathway activation in both cultivars. The earlier and stronger expression of MdGH3.102 and MdAECFP1 in the fruit of GD, a mid-season cultivar, correlates with the earlier activation of a pre-climacteric ethylene biosynthesis gene of MdACS3, compared with that in CP, a late-ripening apple cultivar. Results of exogenous IAA treatment indicated that the expression patterns of the genes were regulated in a fruit maturity dependent manner. Our results suggested that the dynamics of the auxin level in apple fruit cortex could be one of the key factors influencing the timing of ethylene biosynthesis pathway activation and consequently contributed to the control of the apple maturation progression.

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“…(family Rosaceae, subfamily Pomoideae), is known to play an important role in many worldwide cultures not only with its nutritional values as a fruit, but because the modern apple varieties and autochthonous cultivars are an essential part of the inheritance of the regions, with economic, mythological, ethnological, and cultural significance as well. The health benefits of the apples come primarily from pectin, fibers and vitamins but, as recently discovered, in many fruit crops polyphenols, especially flavonoids, play an important role as potent agents preventing inflammation, coronary diseases and showing anticarcinogenic and antineurodegenerative behavior [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of different extraction solvents for assay of the polyphenol content in the peel and pulp of 21 apple cultivars from Macedonia

Petkovska¹,

Gjamovski²,

Стефова

2016

Maced. J. Chem. Chem. Eng.

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Apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) contain a large array of phenolic compounds belonging to flavonoids and non-flavonoids. This study systematically evaluates the polyphenolic content of 21 apple cultivars from the Republic of Macedonia, both commercial and autochthonous, applying spectrophotometric methods for the determination of total polyphenolic compounds, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins and total flavan-3-ols. The reliability of these methods was checked by confirming the method linearity and accuracy with standards and spiked samples. The efficiency of acetone, water, methanol and a mixture of methanol/water (90 : 10, V/V) as extraction solvents was compared. Evident differences between extracts obtained from freeze-dried apple peel and pulp, extracted with different solvents, and analyzed with the four spectrophotometric tests, were observed and discussed. The most satisfactory extraction efficiency was achieved using methanol/water (90 : 10, V/V) mixture. The results obtained from the methanol/water extracts illustrate evident differences between polyphenol contents and reveal the diversity in polyphenols, total flavonoid and flavanol composition between the assayed commercial and autochthonous cultivars. The maximum abundance of polyphenols was noticed in the peel of Tetovka and Livadarka cultivars (15.63 mg/g GAE and 14.85 mg/g GAE, respectively) and in the pulp of Pasalma, Tetovka and Livadarka cultivars (12.55 mg/g GAE, 11.45 mg/g GAE and 11.22 mg/g GAE, respectively).Keywords: apples; polyphenols; flavonoids; anthocyanins; flavan-3-ols; spectrophotometry; extraction СПОРЕДБА НА РАЗЛИЧНИ РАСТВОРУВАЧИ ЗА ОПРЕДЕЛУВАЊЕ НА СОДРЖИНАТА НА ПОЛИФЕНОЛИ ВО ЛУШПАТА И ПУЛПАТА НА ЈАБОЛКО ОД РАЗЛИЧНИ СОРТИ ОД МАКЕДОНИЈАПлодовите од јаболкo (Malus domestica Borkh.) содржат различни фенолни соединенија кои се од групите на флавоноиди и не-флавоноиди. Ова истражување систематски ја оценува содржината на полифеноли во 21 сорта јаболко од Македонија, комерцијални и автохтони, со употреба на спектрофотометриски методи за определување на вкупни полифеноли, вкупни флавоноиди, вкупни антоцијани и вкупни флаван-3-оли. Веродостојноста на методите е проверена и потврдена е линеарноста и точноста со употреба на стандарди и стандардни додатоци. Споредена е ефикасноста на растворувачите ацетон, вода, метанол и смеса метанол/вода (90 : 10, V/V). Воочени и дискутирани се разлики помеѓу екстрактите добиени од лиофилизирани лушпи и пулпа од јаболко со различни растворувачи и анализирани со четирите спектрофотометриски методи. Највисока ефикасност на екстракцијата е добиена со употреба на смеса метанол/вода A. Petkovska, V. Gjamovski, M. Stefova Maced. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. 35 (1), 29-38 (2016) 30(90:10, V/V). Добиените резултати за екстрактите во метанол/вода покажуваат разлики во содржи-ната на полифенолите и укажуваат на различност на полифенолниот, флавоноидниот и флаванол-ниот состав на испитуваните комерцијални и автохтони сорти. Најголема застапеност на полифеноли е утврдена во лушпата од сортите тетовка и ливадарка (1...

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The Origins of Fruits, Fruit Growing, and Fruit Breeding

Cited by 126 publications

References 33 publications

The genome of the domesticated apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)

The genome of the domesticated apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)

Transcript Profiles of Auxin Efflux Carrier and IAA-Amido Synthetase Genes Suggest the Role of Auxin on Apple (<i>Malus</i> × <i>domestica</i>) Fruit Maturation Patterns

Comparison of different extraction solvents for assay of the polyphenol content in the peel and pulp of 21 apple cultivars from Macedonia

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The Origins of Fruits, Fruit Growing, and Fruit Breeding

Cited by 126 publications

References 33 publications

The genome of the domesticated apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)

The genome of the domesticated apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)

Transcript Profiles of Auxin Efflux Carrier and IAA-Amido Synthetase Genes Suggest the Role of Auxin on Apple (&lt;i&gt;Malus&lt;/i&gt; &#215; &lt;i&gt;domestica&lt;/i&gt;) Fruit Maturation Patterns

Comparison of different extraction solvents for assay of the polyphenol content in the peel and pulp of 21 apple cultivars from Macedonia

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Product

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Transcript Profiles of Auxin Efflux Carrier and IAA-Amido Synthetase Genes Suggest the Role of Auxin on Apple (<i>Malus</i> × <i>domestica</i>) Fruit Maturation Patterns