The Origins of American Scientists

Knapp, Robert H.; Goodrich, H. B.

doi:10.1126/science.113.2941.543

Cited by 43 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…Early research on the effects of college environment stressed the impact of the college on the student (Knapp & Goodrich, 1952;Knapp & Greenbaum, 1953). More recent studies, however, have shown that it is more appropriate to analyze the college "input"-the student, and the interaction between the student and the college environment (Holland, Vol.…”

Section: Techniques For Measuring the College Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of College Attrition: 1950––1975

Pantages

Creedon

1978

Review of Educational Research

190

167

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Section: Techniques For Measuring the College Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of College Attrition: 1950––1975

Pantages

Creedon

1978

Review of Educational Research

190

167

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“…Bogardus (1946) found that the most desirable personal characteristics mentioned by graduate students and alumni concerning their former teach ers were "fairness," "enthusiasm," and "humor." Knapp and Goodrich (1952) also inquired of former students concerning their most effective teachers (defined as those who motivated them to follow in their field): the> found that "warmth" was mentioned most frequently as an outstand ing characteristic of these teachers. In a more broad-ranging study, Riley, Ryan, and Lifschitz (1950) asked college students to state "ideal" factors important in teaching, as well as factors which played a part in the actual teaching they experienced.…”

Section: Personality Traits and The Rating Of Teachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Student Ratings of College Teaching: Reliability, Validity, and Usefulness

Costin

Greenough

Menges

1971

Review of Educational Research

409

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StabilityIn some of the earliest studies of students' opinions of college teaching, Guthrie (1954) found correlations of .87 and .89 between students' rank ings of the quality of their teachers from one year to the next. He also found that such judgments were more stable than were faculty judgments of teaching quality. Lovell and Haner (1955) used a forced-choice rating scale to obtain students' opinions of their teachers. The correlation between ratings made two weeks apart was .89.More recently, Costin (1968a) found moderate to high correlations between mid-semester and end-of-semester ratings of teaching assistants in psychology, social sciences, humanities, physical sciences and biological sciences. The r's ranged from .70 to .87 for four of the dimensions mea-

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“…Western scholarship supports the idea that Protestants, relative to their representation in the population at large, have historically tended to surpass Catholics in the number of contributors to a variety of economic and intellectual endeavors (Hofstadter 1963;Huntington and Whitney 1927;von Schulte 1909;Weber [1904Weber [ -1905Weber [ ] 1998). This Protestant overrepresentation and the Catholics' corresponding "deficit" or "underachievement" is particularly pronounced and of long historical duration in the realm of the natural sciences (Ben-David 1965;Feldhay and Elkana 1989;Lenski 1963;Knapp and Goodrich 1952;Thorner 1952). The dominant explanation of the disparity originated with Robert K. Merton ([1936Merton ([ ] 1968Merton ([ , [1938Merton ([ ]1970.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenging Merton's Protestantism-Science Hypothesis: The Historical Impact of Sacerdotal Celibacy on German Science and Scholarship

Becker

2011

Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion

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Denominational differences in the number of scientists produced inGermany during the period 1550 to 1900 are linked to the historical impact of Catholic celibate and Protestant noncelibate clergy households. Protestant leadership in science is largely attributable to the development of a new social mobility pattern among descendants of their clergy that enhanced the pastorate's ability to convey cultural and social capital to their marrying offspring, something denied to Catholic clergy. By reference to German historical developments, I show that the contributions of clerical households, far from being limited to the natural sciences, were equally in evidence across most other areas of scholarly endeavor. A discussion of the theoretical implications of these findings provides a comparative analysis of Protestant to Catholic scholarly achievements in general, and of scientific achievements in particular, as well as a critical assessment of Robert K. Merton's theorizing on the subject.

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The Origins of American Scientists

Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

Studies of College Attrition: 1950––1975

Studies of College Attrition: 1950––1975

Student Ratings of College Teaching: Reliability, Validity, and Usefulness

Challenging Merton's Protestantism-Science Hypothesis: The Historical Impact of Sacerdotal Celibacy on German Science and Scholarship

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