The origin of the turtle body plan: evidence from fossils and embryos

Schoch, Rainer R.; Sues, Hans‐Dieter

doi:10.1111/pala.12460

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 100 publications

(192 reference statements)

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“…The reduction or loss of the gastralia independently occurs in other major tetrapod lineages like stem turtles ( Lyson et al, 2013 ; Schoch and Sues, 2020 ), and eutheriodont therapsids including mammals ( Cisneros et al, 2015 ). Interestingly, specialized lung ventilatory mechanisms are present in all extant clades that have lost (birds, mammals) or co-opted the gastralia (turtles).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new Heterodontosaurus specimen elucidates the unique ventilatory macroevolution of ornithischian dinosaurs

Radermacher

Fernández

Schachner

et al. 2021

eLife

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Ornithischian dinosaurs were ecologically prominent herbivores of the Mesozoic Era that achieved a global distribution by the onset of the Cretaceous. The ornithischian body plan is aberrant relative to other ornithodiran clades, and crucial details of their early evolution remain obscure. We present a new, fully articulated skeleton of the early branching ornithischian Heterodontosaurus tucki. Phase-contrast enhanced synchrotron data of this new specimen reveal a suite of novel postcranial features unknown in any other ornithischian, with implications for the early evolution of the group. These features include a large, anteriorly projecting sternum; bizarre, paddle-shaped sternal ribs; and a full gastral basket – the first recovered in Ornithischia. These unusual anatomical traits provide key information on the evolution of the ornithischian body plan and suggest functional shifts in the ventilatory apparatus occurred close to the base of the clade. We complement these anatomical data with a quantitative analysis of ornithischian pelvic architecture, which allows us to make a specific, stepwise hypothesis for their ventilatory evolution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new Heterodontosaurus specimen elucidates the unique ventilatory macroevolution of ornithischian dinosaurs

Radermacher

Fernández

Schachner

et al. 2021

eLife

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“…The origin and diversification of amniotes are at the center of considerable resurgent interest motivated by novel phylogenetic hypotheses (e.g., Benson, 2019, 2020), new evidence from reproductive paleoecology (e.g., Maddin et al, 2020) and key findings in comparative anatomy, developmental biology, and paleontology (e.g., Kuratani et al, 2011;Schoch and Sues, 2019). Crown-group amniotes are estimated to have originated some 320 million years ago (Jones et al, 2018;Klembara et al, 2020a,b, and references therein; see also estimates in www.timetree.org).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Braincase and Inner Ear Anatomy of the Late Carboniferous Tetrapod Limnoscelis dynatis (Diadectomorpha) Revealed by High-Resolution X-ray Microcomputed Tomography

et al. 2021

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The braincase anatomy of the Pennsylvanian diadectomorph Limnoscelis dynatis is described in detail, based upon high-resolution X-ray microcomputed tomography. Both supraoccipitals and most of the prootics and opisthotics are preserved. The known portions of the left prootic, opisthotic, and supraoccipital enclose complete sections of the endosseous labyrinth, including the anterior, posterior, and lateral semicircular canals, the vestibule, the cochlear recess, and the canal for the endolymphatic duct. The fossa subarcuata is visible anteromedial to the anterior semicircular canal. The presumed endolymphatic fossae occur in the dorsal wall of the posteromedial portion of the supraoccipital. Both the fossa subarcuata and the fossa endolymphatica lie in the cerebellar portion of the cranial cavity. In order to investigate the phylogenetic position of L. dynatis we used a recently published data matrix, including characters of the braincase, and subjected it to maximum parsimony analyses under a variety of character weighting schemes and to a Bayesian analysis. Limnoscelis dynatis emerges as sister taxon to L. paludis, and both species form the sister group to remaining diadectomorphs. Synapsids and diadectomorphs are resolved as sister clades in ∼90% of all the most parsimonious trees from the unweighted analysis, in the single trees from both the reweighted and the implied weights analyses, as well in the Bayesian tree.

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“…One key intersection between evo-devo and paleontology concerns morphologies recorded by fossils but not present among extant taxa, including intermediate states in important evolutionary transitions. Proximate developmental processes that underpin major evolutionary transitions have been inferred for an increasing number of examples, such as the mammalian inner ear (Luo 2011, Luo et al 2015, Urban et al 2017Wang et al 2019;Wang et al 2021), arthropod segmentation (Chipman and Edgecombe 2019), tetrapod limbs (Stewart et al 2020), and turtle shells (Lyson andBever 2020, Schoch andSues 2020). Insights from these paleo-evo-devo studies provide a richer understanding of how evolutionary innovations arise and of their importance in the history of life (Erwin 2012, Jablonski 2020, Wagner 2014Urdy et al 2013).…”

Section: Fossil Evo-devomentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolvability and the Fossil Record

Love¹,

Grabowski²,

Houle³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The concept of evolvability—the capacity of a population to produce and maintain evolutionarily relevant variation—has become increasingly prominent in evolutionary biology. Although paleontology has a long history of investigating questions of evolvability, often invoking different but allied terminology, the study of evolvability in the fossil record has seemed intrinsically problematic. How can we surmount difficulties in disentangling whether the causes of evolutionary patterns arise from variational properties of traits or lineages rather than due to selection and ecological success? Despite these challenges, the fossil record is unique in offering growing sources of data that span millions of years and therefore capture evolutionary patterns of sustained duration and significance otherwise inaccessible to evolutionary biologists. Additionally, there are a variety of strategic possibilities for combining prominent neontological approaches to evolvability with those from paleontology. We illustrate three of these possibilities with quantitative genetics, evolutionary developmental biology, and phylogenetic models of macroevolution. In conclusion, we provide a methodological schema that focuses on the conceptualization, measurement, and testing of hypotheses to motivate and provide guidance for future empirical and theoretical studies of evolvability in the fossil record.

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The origin of the turtle body plan: evidence from fossils and embryos

Cited by 22 publications

References 100 publications

A new Heterodontosaurus specimen elucidates the unique ventilatory macroevolution of ornithischian dinosaurs

A new Heterodontosaurus specimen elucidates the unique ventilatory macroevolution of ornithischian dinosaurs

Braincase and Inner Ear Anatomy of the Late Carboniferous Tetrapod Limnoscelis dynatis (Diadectomorpha) Revealed by High-Resolution X-ray Microcomputed Tomography

Evolvability and the Fossil Record

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