The origin of the pozzolanic activity of calcined clay minerals: A comparison between kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite

Fernández, Rodrigo Pérez; Martirena, Fernando; Scrivener, Karen

doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.09.013

Cited by 762 publications

(475 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The calcined clay samples were then sieved using a 90 µm sieve and the portion passing through was used. This is based on the premise that particle sizes of cement ranged from the maximum of between 75-100 µm [11,12]. The particle size of the pozzolan to be combined with it in stabilisation should therefore be within similar range.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compaction characteristics of lateritic soils stabilised with cement-calcined clay blends

Ayininuola¹,

Adekitan²

2017

Epitoanyag - JSBCM

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investigations on the potentials of pozzolans -silicate and aluminate materials -in civil engineering works is on the rise. calcined kaolinite clay (ckc) is one of such pozzolans that has been regarded as an option for mitigating the release of greenhouse gases from cement. While investigations on its use with cement in concrete works is widespread, there is a gap in literature about its impact as a soil stabiliser for flexible road pavements. this work studies the compaction behaviour of two lateritic soils stabilised with a blend of Portland cement (Pc) and ckc combined in ckc:Pc ratios of 0:1, 1:3, 1:1, 3:1 and 1:0 with total binder percentages of 0 (control), 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 of the weight of soils. ckc was obtained by calcining clay samples sourced from south-west nigeria at 700°c for 1 hour. two lateritic soils samples were adopted and classified as A-1-a and A-2-6 based on AAsHto system. corresponding fineness modulus were 2.18 and 4.33 with cation exchange capacities (cecs) of 1.678 meq/100 gms and 1.738 meq/100 gms respectively. the results show that, as the ckc:Pc mixes varies, compaction behaviour of the stabilised A-2-6 soil was widely varied whereas it was minimally varied for the stabilised A-1-a soil. the differences in the particle sizes (fineness modulus) and cec are adduced as factors responsible for these differences in compaction behaviour. However, the cecs of the soils is about the same. thus, the differences in compaction performance could only be attributed to differences in the particles sizes of the soils. statistical evaluation of differences in the results using AnovA confirms that the differences for the A-2-6 soil are significant whereas that of the A-1-a soil are not.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compaction characteristics of lateritic soils stabilised with cement-calcined clay blends

Ayininuola¹,

Adekitan²

2017

Epitoanyag - JSBCM

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“…The reactivity of MK depends on several factors; such as temperature; rate of heating and cooling regimen. The optimal temperature of calcination is between 700-800 °C; although the dehydroxylation of the clay is known to begin at 500 °C (14).…”

Section: Clinker Substitution Rate At Blended Cements Vs Ternary Blementioning

confidence: 99%

“…of cement is replaced by the pozzolanic material; following the protocol of Fernández and Antoni (8,14). Two reference series were prepared with 100% of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and cement with 30% wt.…”

Section: Proof Of Concept: Industrial Trial For the Manufacture Of Lomentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial trial to produce a low clinker, low carbon cement

et al. 2015

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A preliminary assessment of conditions for the industrial manufacture of a new cementitious system based on clinker-calcined clay and limestone, developed by the authors, referred as "low carbon cement" is presented. The new cement enables the substitution of more than 50% of the mass of clinker without compromising performance. The paper presents the follow-up of an industrial trial carried out in Cuba to produce 130 tonnes of the new cement at a cement plant. The new material proved to fulfill national standards in applications such as the manufacture of hollow concrete blocks and precast concrete. No major differences either in the rheological or mechanical properties were found when compared with Portland cement. Environmental assessment of the ternary cement was made, which included comparison with other blended cements produced industrially in Cuba. The new cement has proven to contribute to the reduction of above 30% of carbon emissions on cement manufacture. RESUMEN:Impacto del uso de un cemento de bajo carbono en la mejora de la sostenibilidad de la producción de cemento. Se presenta la evaluación preliminar de las condiciones de fabricación industrial de un nuevo sistema cementicio a partir del empleo de clínquer; arcillas calcinadas y piedra caliza; desarrollado por los autores; denominado "cemento de bajo carbono". El nuevo cemento posibilita la reducción de más de un 50% de la masa de clínquer; sin comprometer el comportamiento del material. El presente trabajo presenta el monitoreo de la producción industrial en una planta en Cuba; de 130 t del nuevo cemento. El cemento obtenido cumple con las regulaciones nacionales de calidad y su empleo tiene similar rendimiento que el cemento Pórtland para la producción de bloques y hormigón de 25 MPa. Se realiza el análisis de impacto ambiental del cemento ternario mediante la comparación con otros cementos producidos industrialmente. El nuevo cemento puede contribuir a la reducción de más del 30% de las emisiones de CO 2 asociadas a la manufactura de cemento.

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“…Many previous works have reported the formation of geopolymer materials from calcined clays [9] [10], granulated blast furnace slag and fly ash as industrial by-products or wastes [11] [12], volcanic ashes [13] [14] [15], ground perlite [16], ground aplite rock [17], granite waste [18], Taftan and esite and Shahindej [19], alkali-feldspars [20] [21], a pumice-type natural pozzolan [22], basaltic ash [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Study of Alkali Activation of Basalt: Effect of NaOH Concentration on Geopolymerization of Basalt

Saraya¹,

El-Fadaly²

2017

MSCE

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The main objective of this study is to examine the possibility of using fresh basalt powder in the preparation of geopolymer pastes. Four NaOH concentrations of 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 M were used to alkali activation of basalt. In addition, effect of curing temperature at ambient, 45˚C and 65˚C were studied. The geopolymer pastes were investigated using FTIR, XRD and SEM-EDS techniques as well as compressive strength up to 90 days. The results were shown the compressive strength of prepared geopolymer increased with concentration of alkali activator up to 90 days. On the other hand, the compressive strength of prepared geopolymer pastes were improved with increased curing temperature. The results showed that there was a change in the chemical and mineral structure, due to the reaction of the sodium hydroxide with the different minerals of the basalt. In addition, the Na/Al and Si/Al ratios were completely different from that of the raw basalt. The geopolymerization reactions occurred at the surface basalt and the unreacted basalt particles actually play a supporting role in the geopolymer properties.

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The origin of the pozzolanic activity of calcined clay minerals: A comparison between kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite

Cited by 762 publications

References 22 publications

Compaction characteristics of lateritic soils stabilised with cement-calcined clay blends

Compaction characteristics of lateritic soils stabilised with cement-calcined clay blends

Industrial trial to produce a low clinker, low carbon cement

Preliminary Study of Alkali Activation of Basalt: Effect of NaOH Concentration on Geopolymerization of Basalt

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