The Origin of the Kipushi (Cu, Zn, Pb) Deposit in Direct Relation with a Proterozoic Salt Diapir. Copperbelt of Central Africa, Shaba, Republic of Zaire

Magnee, Ivan De; Francois, A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-02538-3_5

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In addition to the diagenetic mineralization, structural and petrographical studies show that several metal-rich deposits formed due to processes related to or post-dating the Lufilian orogeny (de Magnée and François, 1988;Torrealday et al, 2000;McGowan et al, 2003McGowan et al, , 2006Haest et al, 2007;El Desouky et al, 2008). Temperatures up to 400°C are recorded from fluid inclusions in postore vein quartz from Musoshi (Richards et al, 1988) and Chambishi (Annels, 1989).…”

Section: Timing Of Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Metallogenesis of the Nkana copper–cobalt South Orebody, Zambia

Brems

Muchez

Sikazwe

et al. 2009

Journal of African Earth Sciences

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Section: Timing Of Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Metallogenesis of the Nkana copper–cobalt South Orebody, Zambia

Brems

Muchez

Sikazwe

et al. 2009

Journal of African Earth Sciences

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“…and Dipeta Subgroups (Fig. 3a), i.e., below and above the Mines Subgroup (e.g., De Magnée and François 1988;Cailteux 1994;Cailteux and Kampunzu 1995;Jackson et al 2003). These authors have stressed the importance of regional-scale salt tectonics in the deformation of the Katanga sedimentary sequences and the formation of the Katangan breccias.…”

Section: Regional Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…These authors have stressed the importance of regional-scale salt tectonics in the deformation of the Katanga sedimentary sequences and the formation of the Katangan breccias. The most widely accepted model for the origin of the Katangan mega-and gigabreccias involves friction-related fragmentation along evaporitic horizons, which is associated with up to 150 km of syn-orogenic northward transport of thrust sheets during Lufilian inversion (François 1973;De Magnée and François 1988;Cailteux and Kampunzu 1995;Binda and Porada 1995;Kampunzu and Cailteux 1999;Porada and Berhorst 2000). According to Jackson et al (2003), the origin of the Katangan gigabreccias (up to 10 km wide) is related to salt tectonics that began during basin extension and continued to basin inversion.…”

Section: Regional Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genesis of sediment-hosted stratiform copper–cobalt mineralization at Luiswishi and Kamoto, Katanga Copperbelt (Democratic Republic of Congo)

et al. 2010

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The sediment-hosted stratiform Cu-Co mineralization of the Luiswishi and Kamoto deposits in the Katangan Copperbelt is hosted by the Neoproterozoic Mines Subgroup. Two main hypogene Cu-Co sulfide mineralization stages and associated gangue minerals (dolomite and quartz) are distinguished. The first is an early diagenetic, typical stratiform mineralization with finegrained minerals, whereas the second is a multistage synorogenic stratiform to stratabound mineralization with coarse-grained minerals. For both stages, the main hypogene Cu-Co sulfide minerals are chalcopyrite, bornite, carrollite, and chalcocite. These minerals are in many places replaced by supergene sulfides (e.g., digenite and covellite), especially near the surface, and are completely oxidized in the weathered superficial zone and in surface outcrops, with malachite, heterogenite, chrysocolla, and azurite as the main oxidation products. The hypogene sulfides of the first Cu-Co stage display δ 34 S values (−10.3‰ to +3.1‰ Vienna Canyon Diablo Troilite (V-CDT)), which partly overlap with the δ 34 S signature of framboidal pyrites (−28.7‰ to 4.2‰ V-CDT) and have Δ 34 S SO4-Sulfides in the range of 14.4‰ to 27.8‰. This fractionation is consistent with bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR). The hypogene sulfides of the second Cu-Co stage display δ 34 S signatures that are either similar (−13.1‰ to +5.2‰ V-CDT) to the δ 34 S values of the sulfides of the first Cu-Co stage or comparable (+18.6‰ to +21.0‰ V-CDT) to the δ 34 S of Neoproterozoic seawater. This indicates that the sulfides of the second stage obtained their sulfur by both remobilization from early diagenetic sulfides and from thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR). The carbon (−9.9‰ to −1.4‰ Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (V-PDB)) and oxygen (−14.3‰ to −7.7‰ V-PDB) isotope signatures of dolomites associated with the first Cu-Co stage are in agreement with the interpretation that these dolomites are by-products of BSR. The carbon (−8.6‰ to +0.3‰ V-PDB) and oxygen (−24.0‰ to −10.3‰ V-PDB) isotope signatures of dolomites associated with the second Cu-Co stage are mostly similar to the δ 13 C (−7.1‰ to +1.3‰ V-PDB) and δ 18 O (−14.5‰ to −7.2‰ V-PDB) of the host rock and of the dolomites of the first Cu-Co stage. This Editorial handling: H. Frimmel Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article

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“…The stratiform Cu-Co deposits are mainly pre-to synorogenic, whereas the Zn-Cu-Pb veintype deposits are mostly syn-to postorogenic (e.g., François, 1973François, , 1974Dewaele et al, 2006b). Vein-type Zn-Cu-Pb deposits have been described in the Lufilian arc (e.g., Kipushi, Lombe and Kengere: Cahen, 1954;de Magnée and François, 1988) and in the Kundelungu Plateau region (Dikulushi, Kibila and Kapulo: Cahen, 1954;Dewaele et al, 2006a). The total amount of copper contained in the Katanga vein-type orebodies is smaller than in the stratiform deposits, however, interest in this class of high-grade deposit has been growing since the development of the Dikulushi project in 2002 (Dewaele et al, 2006a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Control on the Dikulushi Cu-Ag Deposit, Katanga, Democratic Republic of Congo

et al. 2007

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The Dikulushi Cu-Ag deposit is located in the Kundelungu Plateau region in the southeast Katanga province of the Democratic Republic of Congo. The Kundelungu Plateau is a triangular-shaped area to the north of the Lufilian arc, which contains part of the Central African copperbelt, the largest known sediment-hosted copper province in the world. The Lufilian arc and the Kundelungu Plateau comprise Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks of the Katanga Supergroup that attain an overall thickness of more than 7,000 m. The Lufilian orogeny imposed a northeast-directed shortening on the Kundelungu Plateau region, forming several gentle, northwest-oriented anticlines above subparallel detachment surfaces at depth. A north-northwest-oriented thrust is exposed in the western part of the Dikulushi mine, marked by ductile deformed shale that was transported upward and is in faulted contact with an overlying dolomite-sandstone sequence. This upward emplacement of the shale caused brecciation and the local development of kink folds in the dolomite-sandstone sequence. The brecciated layers in the west and nonbrecciated sandstone layers in the central part of the mine are crosscut by several east-west-and northeast-oriented faults. This complex set of faults produced a damage zone that was a favorable site for the migration of mineralizing fluids. The faults and brecciated layers contain Cu-Pb-Zn-Fe mineralization consisting of chalcopyrite, bornite, and chalcocite, with minor pyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, and galena, with dolomite, calcite, and quartz as gangue minerals.The northeast-oriented fault direction was reactivated several times, with dextral strike-and oblique-slip fault movement. These fault zones were sites of remobilization and enrichment of the previously deposited Cu-Pb-Zn-Fe mineralization. The remobilized sulfides consist of Ag-rich chalcocite, with barite, calcite, and quartz as gangue minerals. The study has shown that the deposit of Dikulushi is structurally controlled by a crosscutting set of east-west-and northeast-oriented faults. Similar structural settings in the mine and in the Dikulushi region represent important future exploration targets.the Dikulushi mine a Cu-Ag ore is mined, with total past production and current reserves estimated at 1.94 Mt, having an average grade of 8.5 percent Cu and 226 g/t of silver (Tassel, 2003). These grades make the Dikulushi orebody one of the richest Cu-Ag deposits in the world, providing an incentive for further exploration on the Kundelungu Plateau.This study attempts to unravel the relationship between deformation and mineralization observed in the Dikulushi mine and to place the structural control of the deposit in a broader context relevant to regional exploration. Geologic SettingThe Dikulushi deposit is located near the northeastern edge of the triangular Kundelungu Plateau, bordered to the west by the Mesoproterozoic Kibaran belt, to the east by the Paleoproterozoic Bangweulu block in Zambia, and to the south by the Lufilian arc (Fig. 1). The sediments in the ...

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The Origin of the Kipushi (Cu, Zn, Pb) Deposit in Direct Relation with a Proterozoic Salt Diapir. Copperbelt of Central Africa, Shaba, Republic of Zaire

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

Metallogenesis of the Nkana copper–cobalt South Orebody, Zambia

Metallogenesis of the Nkana copper–cobalt South Orebody, Zambia

Genesis of sediment-hosted stratiform copper–cobalt mineralization at Luiswishi and Kamoto, Katanga Copperbelt (Democratic Republic of Congo)

Structural Control on the Dikulushi Cu-Ag Deposit, Katanga, Democratic Republic of Congo

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