The origin of the clay minerals at the Cretaceous /Tertiary boundary in Denmark

Elliott, W. Crawford; Aronson, James L.; Millard, H.T.; Gierlowski‐Kordesch, Elizabeth

doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1989)101<0702:tootcm>2.3.co;2

Cited by 50 publications

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“…One marl was found at 30.5 meters in core D-103, 32 meters below the K/T boundary. However, the marl at 8 m above the K/T boundary on the north wall of the-60 meter level described by (Elliott et al, 1989) was not seen in core. A Danian clayey chalk was collected from the Karlstrup Quarry approximately 5 m above the K/T boundary.…”

Section: Samples and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The clay minerals were separated using centrifugation. The submicron clay mineral fractions were separated using a continuous flow Sharples centrifuge, and they were obtained to separate smectite from detrital illite in the coarser clay fractions (Elliott et al, 1989). The submicron fractions were dialyzed in distilled water for 3 to 5 days to remove methanol and nitric acid used to flocculate the clays.…”

Section: Samples and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…%) possibly attesting to an input of 442 chondritic debris from meteorite impact. Elliott et al (1989) argued that this magnesium smectite (i.e., Mgsmectite) was not derived from impact glass because the Mg-smectite was identified in a marl without anomalous levels of iridium ~ 8 meters above the K/T boundary at the Limhamn Quarry in southwest Sweden. Thus, it is likely that Ir and Mg-smectite are of different origins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, Schmitz (1988) noted the major element compositions of the insoluble residues of the Fish Clay were similar to the major elemental compositions of the insoluble residues in the adjacent chalks. However, Elliott et al (1989) did not analyze the clay mineralogy of the "impact layer" in the Fish Clay as defined by B. F. Bohor and G. A. Izett (in Elliott et al, 1989), and the presence of Mg-smectite in Cretaceous rocks is unknown. Of note, Schmitz (1990) found shocked quartz in small amounts throughout the Fish Clay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Origin of the Mg-Smectite at the Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) Boundary at Stevns Klint, Denmark

Elliott

1993

Clays and clay miner.

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Abstract--The clay mineralogy and major element geochemistry of four distinct layers within the Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary marl (i.e., II, IIIa, IIIb, and IV) at Stevns Klint, Denmark, including "impact layer" (layer IIIa), were examined, and there was not a marked change in the clay mineralogy throughout this K/T boundary marl. A magnesium smectite (i.e., Mg-smectite) was the predominant clay mineral at the K/T boundary not only at Stevns Klint and at Nye Klov; it was also found to be the predominant clay mineral in the K/T boundary at Karlstrup Quan-y. In addition, Mg-smectite was found in a smectitic marl 32 meters below the K/T boundary at the Limhamn Quarry (near Malm6, Sweden), and it did not have anomalous concentrations of iridium or other siderophile trace elements. Given its occurrence in a Maastrichtian marl, it is therefore argued that the Mg-smectite is not derived from meteorite impact.The rare earth element (REE) signatures of the Mg-smectites ranged from being comparable to the North American Shale Standard (NASC) to being one-half an order of magnitude depleted relative to NASC. One Mg-smectite collected from layer IIIb, immediately above the "impact/red layer," was depleted in REE by one order of magnitude relative to NASC, and these levels of REE are comparable to those of smectite and illite/smectite (I/S) formed authigenically in bentonites and K-bentonites, respectively. Thus, the REE data suggest this Mg-smectite in all likelihood was formed authigenically from a glassy precursor. The presence of the low levels of REE of the Mg-smectite in the layer IIIb has no particular significance other than to suggest that this Mg-smectite separate was the least contaminated with illite or apatite having higher REE levels. With better separation, the other Mg-smectites would be expected to have comparably low levels of REE. Given the presence of the Mg-smectite throughout the K/T boundary and in Maastrichtian and Danian marls, the Mg-smectite is thought to be of volcanic origin. However, is not certain whether the Mg-smectite formed from volcanic glass deposited at the K/T boundary or whether it was formed from volcanic glass as young as late Cretaceous.

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Section: Samples and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Samples and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Origin of the Mg-Smectite at the Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) Boundary at Stevns Klint, Denmark

Elliott

1993

Clays and clay miner.

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“…Thus, Kastner et al (1984) found that the boundary clay at Stevns Klint consists of a pure smectite derived from alteration of impact glass, whereas the clay fraction above and below the boundary consists of illite and mixed-layer smectite-illite of detrital origin. In contrast, Elliott et al (1989) concluded that the boundary clay at Stevns Klint originated in large part from altered volcanic ash. Rampino and Reynolds (1983) and Johnsson and Reynolds (1986) found at several localities that the clay mineralogical composition of the boundary layer is by no means exotic but is essentially the same as above and below the boundary.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Cretaceous/Tertiary Boundary at Site 738, Southern Kerguelen Plateau

Thierstein¹,

Asaro²,

Ehrmann³

et al. 1991

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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High-resolution stratigraphic evidence of an apparently complete carbonate-rich Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary interval in Section 119-738C-20R-5 from the southern Kerguelen Plateau is summarized and interpreted. The change of the calcareous nannoflora and of the planktonic foraminifers is spread over a laminated interval of about 15 cm thickness. The base of this laminated interval lies in uppermost Maestrichtian chalks, 2 cm below a distinct 2-mm-thick "gray clay" layer, which shows the highest iridium enrichment (18 ppb) measured in this section. No shocked quartz or microspherules, characteristic of an impact, were found. No change in the clay mineralogy, which could be expected for a large volcanic or impact event, could be identified. Elevated metal and iridium concentrations (> 1.6 ppb) occur already in the bioturbated uppermost Maestrichtian chalks several centimeters below the "gray clay" and decrease above the iridium peak gradually over a laminated 12-cm-thick interval to background values of 0.1-0.3 ppb Ir. Application of bio-and magnetochronology shows that the accumulation rates of carbonates and clays, but not of the metals, decreased dramatically at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary and thus, the lack of dilution may have led to the observed metal concentrations.

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Investigation of magnetic and sedimentary fluctuations in the maastrichtian-danian limestone at Limhamn, southern Sweden

Sjöberg

1993

Stud Geophys Geod

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The origin of the clay minerals at the Cretaceous /Tertiary boundary in Denmark

Cited by 50 publications

References 0 publications

Origin of the Mg-Smectite at the Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) Boundary at Stevns Klint, Denmark

Origin of the Mg-Smectite at the Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) Boundary at Stevns Klint, Denmark

The Cretaceous/Tertiary Boundary at Site 738, Southern Kerguelen Plateau

Investigation of magnetic and sedimentary fluctuations in the maastrichtian-danian limestone at Limhamn, southern Sweden

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