The Origin of the Cells in the Efferent Lymph From a Single Lymph Node

Jg, Hall; Morris, Bede

doi:10.1084/jem.121.6.901

Cited by 200 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…There is a very large traffic of cells through peripheral lymph nodes such as the popliteal node in the sheep (Hall and Morris, 1965) and it would be expected that the very large mass of mesenteric lymph nodes would constitute a major site of lymphocyte recirculation from the blood to the lymph. The lack of any effect of mesenteric lymphadenectomy on the cell output from the intestinal lymph must therefore be due either to the fact that lymphocytes do not recirculate through the mesenteric lymph nodes of the sheep to any extent, or that many of the cells that reach the mesenteric nodes in the lymph frorn the intestines do not leave them in the efferent lymph -they must either die in the node or enter the blood stream directly from within the node.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Gut‐associated Lymphoid Tissues in the Generation of Immunoglobulin‐bearing Lymphocytes in Sheep

Gerber

Morris

Trevella

1986

Aust J Exp Biol Med

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Summary. Experiments were designed to examine the relative contributions of Payer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes to the population of circulating immunoglobulin-bearing lymphocytes in sheep. The ileum, with more than 9O' !' o of the total Peyer's patches, the mesenteric lymph nodes, or both, were removed from lambs at different stages of development and the composition of the cell populations in lymph from different sources and in the blood was examined. Lambs which had had the ileum removed before or within a few days of birth were deficient in small lymphocytes bearing membrane immunoglobulin. This deficit remained for at least the first year of the animals' lives. Neither the removal of mesenteric lymph nodes nor removal of the ileum had any statistically significant effect on the total output of cells or on the population of igA-producing cells in lymph draining from the gut.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Gut‐associated Lymphoid Tissues in the Generation of Immunoglobulin‐bearing Lymphocytes in Sheep

Gerber

Morris

Trevella

1986

Aust J Exp Biol Med

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“…In particular, cell concentrations range from 200 to 1000 cells/µL in prenodal sheep's lymph and 100 cells/µL in prenodal rabbit's lymph [127,128] . It was found that approximately 1 × 10 6 cells/h (1.7 × 10 4 cells/min) go through a single prenodal (afferent) sheep's lymphatic [129,130] . According to our data, the cell concentration in rat mesenteric prenodal lymphatics is larger.…”

Section: Study Of Microlymphatic Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in small animal mesentery models for in vivo flow cytometry, dynamic microscopy, and drug screening

Galanzha¹

2007

WJG

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Using animal mesentery with intravital optical microscopy is a well-established experimental model for studying blood and lymph microcirculation in vivo . Recent advances in cell biology and optical techniques provide the basis for extending this model for new applications, which should generate significantly improved experimental data. This review summarizes the achievements in this specific area, including in vivo label-free blood and lymph photothermal flow cytometry, super-sensitive fluorescence image cytometry, light scattering and speckle flow cytometry, microvessel dynamic microscopy, infrared (IR) angiography, and high-speed imaging of individual cells in fast flow. The capabilities of these techniques, using the rat mesentery model, were demonstrated in various studies; e.g., real-time quantitative detection of circulating and migrating individual blood and cancer cells, studies on vascular dynamics with a focus on lymphatics under normal conditions and under different interventions (e.g. lasers, drugs, nicotine), assessment of lymphatic disturbances from experimental lymphedema, monitoring cell traffic between blood and lymph systems, and high-speed imaging of cell transient deformability in flow. In particular, the obtained results demonstrated that individual cell transportation in living organisms depends on cell type (e.g., normal blood or leukemic cells), the cell's functional state (e.g., live, apoptotic, or necrotic), and the functional status of the organism. Possible future applications, including in vivo early diagnosis and prevention of disease, monitoring immune response and apoptosis, chemo-and radio-sensitivity tests, and drug screening, are also discussed. TOPIC HIGHLIGHT

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“…Studies in sheep, a model that permits the long-term monitoring of efferent lymph, have defined several phases of the cell output in the efferent lymph after Ag stimulation (3)(4)(5)(6). In the first 24 h after stimulation, there is no significant change or a slight decrement in the cell output.…”

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confidence: 99%

Stochastic Regulation of Cell Migration from the Efferent Lymph to Oxazolone-Stimulated Skin

West

et al. 2001

The Journal of Immunology

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The systemic immune response is a dynamic process involving the trafficking of lymphocytes from the Ag-stimulated lymph node to the peripheral tissue. Studies in sheep have demonstrated several phases of cell output in the efferent lymph after Ag stimulation. When skin contact sensitizers are used as Ag, the efferent lymph cell output peaks ∼96 h after Ag stimulation and is temporally associated with the recruitment of cells into the skin. To investigate the relative contribution of this high-output phase of efferent lymphocytes to lymphocytic inflammation in the skin, we used a common contact sensitizer 2-phenyl-4-ethoxymethylene-5-oxazolone (oxazolone) to stimulate the skin and draining prescapular lymph node of adult sheep. The efferent lymph ducts draining the Ag-stimulated and contralateral control lymph nodes were cannulated throughout the experimental period. The lymphocytes leaving the lymph nodes during the 72-h period before maximum infiltration were differentially labeled with fluorescent tracers, reinjected into the arterial circulation, and tracked to the site of Ag stimulation. Quantitative tissue cytometry of the skin at the conclusion of the injection period (96 h after Ag stimulation) demonstrated more migratory cells derived from the Ag-stimulated lymph node than the contralateral control (median 18.5 vs 15.5 per field; p < 0.05). However, when corrected for total cell output of the lymph node, the Ag-stimulated migratory cells were 3.8-fold more prevalent in the skin than the contralateral control cells. These results suggest that the in situ immune response generally mirrors the frequency of recruitable lymphocytes in the peripheral blood.

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The Origin of the Cells in the Efferent Lymph From a Single Lymph Node

Cited by 200 publications

References 8 publications

The Role of Gut‐associated Lymphoid Tissues in the Generation of Immunoglobulin‐bearing Lymphocytes in Sheep

The Role of Gut‐associated Lymphoid Tissues in the Generation of Immunoglobulin‐bearing Lymphocytes in Sheep

Advances in small animal mesentery models for in vivo flow cytometry, dynamic microscopy, and drug screening

Stochastic Regulation of Cell Migration from the Efferent Lymph to Oxazolone-Stimulated Skin

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