The origin of skeletal muscle stem cells in the embryo and the adult

Bailey, Peter J.; Holowacz, Tamara; Lassar, Andrew B.

doi:10.1016/s0955-0674(00)00271-4

Cited by 115 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Signals from these structures lead to patterning of the somite to form the sclerotome, a precursor for the skeleton, and the dermomyotome, the precursor for both dermis and muscle [22,23]. Cells expressing the transcription factor Pax3 within the dermomyotome migrate medially through the dorsomedial lip of the dermomyotome to form an epithelial sheet, known as the myotome [24].…”

Section: E X P E R I M E N T a L C E L L R E S E A R Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pax3 activation promotes the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells toward the myogenic lineage

Gang

Bosnakovski

Simsek

et al. 2008

Experimental Cell Research

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Section: E X P E R I M E N T a L C E L L R E S E A R Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pax3 activation promotes the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells toward the myogenic lineage

Gang

Bosnakovski

Simsek

et al. 2008

Experimental Cell Research

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“…Successful myogenic differentiation requires numerous interactions between diverse cellular processes, including growth factors, hormones, receptors, transcription factors, kinases, and histone deacetylases [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. These processes are controlled by muscle-specific transcriptional regulators that determine cell fate and differentiation, and by external signals that couple myogenesis to development and growth of the organism [4,8,9]. At the molecular level, myogenic determination and activation of muscle-specific gene expression involve the association of skeletal-musclespecific helix-loop-helix myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) with the MEF2 family of MADS-box myocyteenhancer binding factors [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional profile of GTP-mediated differentiation of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells

Mancinelli

Pietrangelo

Burnstock³

et al. 2011

Purinergic Signalling

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Several purine receptors have been localised on skeletal muscle membranes. Previous data support the hypothesis that extracellular guanosine 5′-triphosphate (GTP) is an important regulatory factor in the development and function of muscle tissue. We have previously described specific extracellular binding sites for GTP on the plasma membrane of mouse skeletal muscle (C2C12) cells. Extracellular GTP induces an increase in intracellular Ca 2+ concentrations that results in membrane hyperpolarisation through Ca 2+ -activated K + channels, as has been demonstrated by patch-clamp experiments. This GTPevoked increase in intracellular Ca 2+ is due to release of Ca 2+ from intracellular inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive stores. This enhances the expression of the myosin heavy chain in these C2C12 myoblasts and commits them to fuse into multinucleated myotubes, probably via a phosphoinositide-3-kinase-dependent signal-transduction mechanism. To define the signalling of extracellular GTP as an enhancer or modulator of myogenesis, we investigated whether the gene-expression profile of differentiated C2C12 cells (4 and 24 h in culture) is affected by extracellular GTP. To investigate the nuclear activity and target genes modulated by GTP, transcriptional profile analysis and realtime PCR were used. We demonstrate that in the early stages of differentiation, GTP up-regulates genes involved in different pathways associated with myogenic processes, including cytoskeleton structure, the respiratory chain, myogenesis, chromatin reorganisation, cell adhesion, and the Jak/Stat pathway, and down-regulates the mitogenactivated protein kinase pathway. GTP also increases the expression of three genes involved in myogenesis, Pp3ca, Gsk3b, and Pax7. Our data suggests that in the myogenic C2C12 cell line, extracellular GTP acts as a differentiative factor in the induction and sustaining of myogenesis.

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“…These processes are controlled by muscle-specific transcriptional regulators that determine cell fate and differentiation and by external signals that couple myogenesis to development and growth of the organism (Miller et al, 1999;Bailey et al, 2001;McKinsey et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome‐wide examination of myoblast cell cycle withdrawal during differentiation

Shen

Collier

Hlaing

et al. 2002

Developmental Dynamics

106

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Skeletal and cardiac myocytes cease division within weeks of birth. Although skeletal muscle retains limited capacity for regeneration through recruitment of satellite cells, resident populations of adult myocardial stem cells have not been identified. Because cell cycle withdrawal accompanies myocyte differentiation, we hypothesized that C2C12 cells, a mouse myoblast cell line previously used to characterize myocyte differentiation, also would provide a model for studying cell cycle withdrawal during differentiation. C2C12 cells were differentiated in culture medium containing horse serum and harvested at various time points to characterize the expression profiles of known cell cycle and myogenic regulatory factors by immunoblot analysis. BrdU incorporation decreased dramatically in confluent cultures 48 hr after addition of horse serum, as cells started to form myotubes. This finding was preceded by up-regulation of MyoD, followed by myogenin, and activation of Bcl-2. Cyclin D1 was expressed in proliferating cultures and became undetectable in cultures containing 40% fused myotubes, as levels of p21 WAF1/Cip1 increased and ␣-actin became detectable. Because C2C12 myoblasts withdraw from the cell cycle during myocyte differentiation following a course that recapitulates this process in vivo, we performed a genome-wide screen to identify other gene products involved in this process. Using microarrays containing ϳ10,000 minimally redundant mouse sequences that map to the UniGene database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information, we compared gene expression profiles between proliferating, differentiating, and differentiated C2C12 cells and verified candidate genes demonstrating differential expression by RT-PCR. Cluster analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed groups of gene products involved in cell cycle withdrawal, muscle differentiation, and apoptosis. In addition, we identified several genes, including DDAH2 and Ly-6A, whose expression specifically was up-regulated during cell cycle withdrawal coincident with early myoblast differentiation. Developmental Dynamics 226:128 -138, 2003.

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The origin of skeletal muscle stem cells in the embryo and the adult

Cited by 115 publications

References 81 publications

Pax3 activation promotes the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells toward the myogenic lineage

Pax3 activation promotes the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells toward the myogenic lineage

Transcriptional profile of GTP-mediated differentiation of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells

Genome‐wide examination of myoblast cell cycle withdrawal during differentiation

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