The origin of rest-mass energy

Abstract

Today we have a solid, if incomplete, physical picture of how inertia is created in the standard model. We know that most of the visible baryonic ‘mass’ in the Universe is due to gluonic back-reaction on accelerated quarks, the latter of which attribute their own inertia to a coupling with the Higgs field – a process that elegantly and self-consistently also assigns inertia to several other particles. But we have never had a physically viable explanation for the origin of rest-mass energy, in spite of many attempts at understanding it towards the end of the nineteenth century, culminating with Einstein’s own landmark contribution in his Annus Mirabilis. Here, we introduce to this discussion some of the insights we have garnered from the latest cosmological observations and theoretical modeling to calculate our gravitational binding energy with that portion of the Universe to which we are causally connected, and demonstrate that this energy is indeed equal to $$mc^2$$ m c 2 when the inertia m is viewed as a surrogate for gravitational mass.

Validation of the Numen Field by the Energy Conditions in the Early Universe

“…[7] The most recent analysis of the Planck data shows that a likely reason for this large-scale anomaly is a hard cutoff, k min = 4.34 ± 0.50∕r cmb , where r cmb is the comoving distance to the surface of last scattering, in the (scalar) fluctuation power spectrum P s (k). [10][11][12] Generic inflation would instead be consistent with an essentially zero k min which, however, is ruled out at over 8𝜎 by these data. Such a spectral cutoff is not easy to accommodate with an inflationary scalar field because k min would signal the first mode crossing the Hubble horizon and freezing during the quasi-de Sitter expansion, [13] establishing the time at which inflation started.…”

“…[ 7 ] The most recent analysis of the Planck data shows that a likely reason for this large‐scale anomaly is a hard cutoff, $$k_{\rm min}=4.34\pm 0.50/r_{\rm cmb}$$, where r cmb is the comoving distance to the surface of last scattering, in the (scalar) fluctuation power spectrum $$P_{\rm s}(k)$$. [ 10–12 ] Generic inflation would instead be consistent with an essentially zero k min which, however, is ruled out at over 8σ by these data.…”

The Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric

“…Known as the cosmic entropy anomaly, this problem has never been solved. By comparison, cosmic entropy in the bulk is constant when ΛCDM adopts the zero active mass condition, so this problem never appears [31].…”

The Origin of Rest-mass Energy

“…Moreover adopting the zero active mass condition appears to eliminate all horizon problems [71,72], eliminate the standard model's initial entropy problem [73], and provide an explanation for how initial quantum fluctuations created in the early Universe might have classicalized to produce the large-scale structure we see today [74]. If the argument we are making here for the origin of rest-mass energy survives the test of time, perhaps it too may be used to argue in favour of zero active mass in the real Universe.…”