The origin of pegnology

PEGylated helper-dependent adenoviral vectors: highly efficient vectors with an enhanced safety profile

“…The development of HD-Ad vectors with improved toxicity profiles and extended terms of gene expression represents a significant achievement in the area of adenovirus-mediated gene delivery. This manuscript summarizes our initial effort to determine if PEGylation, a technique initially pioneered to protect protein and peptide-based pharmaceuticals from degradation during delivery, 39 can dampen the innate immune response initiated by virus capsid proteins. Poly(ethylene) glycol has a low toxicity profile, does not have immunogenic properties and has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals including parenteral, topical, rectal and nasal formulations.…”

PLGA-Based Nanoparticles as Cancer Drug Delivery Systems

“…This arrangement allows an EPR effect (Matsumura and Maeda, 1986;Jain, 1999;Jain, 2001;Duncan, 2003;Nie et al, 2007), resulting in the gathering of nanoparticles at the tumor site. To maximize circulation times and targeting capability, the optimal size should be less than 100 nm in diameter and the surface should be hydrophilic to circumvent clearance by macrophages (Ringsdorf, 1975;Moghimi and Hunter, 2000;Davis, 2002;Nie et al, 2007;Park et al, 2005). The covalent linkage of amphiphilic copolymers (polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polycyanonacrylate chemically coupled to PEG) is usually preferred, as it avoids aggregation and ligand desorption when in contact with blood components (Nie et al, 2007).…”

Controlling the morphology of copolymeric vectors for next generation nanomedicine

“…The concept of PEGylation, to enhance both the circulation time and the stability (against enzyme attack or immunogenic recognition) of recombinant protein drugs and other particles quickly became a ubiquitous feature of NPs after its introduction in the late 60s [33]. The extension of this concept to sterically-stabilized liposomes, which demonstrated enhanced circulation times and passive targeting properties, started to generate promising results in vivo and resulted in the products such as Doxil® in the mid-90s [34].…”